UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

 

 

Form 10-K

 

 

Commission file number: 001-33492

 

 

 

 

CVR Energy, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

Registrant’s Telephone Number, including Area Code:

(281) 207-3200

 

 

 

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

 

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

 

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.  Yes o     No þ

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act.  Yes o     No þ

 

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes þ     No o.

 

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of Registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  þ

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

 

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes o     No þ

 

The Registrant consummated the initial public offering of its common stock on October 26, 2007. Accordingly, there was no public market for the Registrant’s common stock as of June 30, 2007, the last day of the Registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter. As of March 27, 2008, the aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates was $532,983,396.

 

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the Registrant’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

 

 

Documents Incorporated By Reference

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

 

 

We are an independent refiner and marketer of high value transportation fuels. In addition, we currently own all of the interests (other than the managing general partner interest and associated incentive distribution rights (the “IDRs”)) in a limited partnership which produces the nitrogen fertilizers’ ammonia and urea ammonia nitrate (“UAN”).

 

Our petroleum business includes a 113,500 bpd complex full coking medium sour crude refinery in Coffeyville, Kansas. In addition, our supporting businesses include (1) a crude oil gathering system serving central Kansas, northern Oklahoma and southwest Nebraska, (2) storage and terminal facilities for asphalt and refined fuels in Phillipsburg, Kansas, and (3) a rack marketing division supplying product through tanker trucks directly to customers located in close geographic proximity to Coffeyville and Phillipsburg and to customers at throughput terminals on Magellan refined products distribution systems.

 

The nitrogen fertilizer business is the only operation in North America that utilizes a coke gasification process to produce ammonia (based on data provided by Blue Johnson & Associates). A majority of the ammonia produced by the nitrogen fertilizer plant is further upgraded to UAN fertilizer (a solution of urea and ammonium nitrate in water used as a fertilizer). By using pet coke (a coal-like substance that is produced during the refining process) instead of natural gas as a primary raw material, at current natural gas and pet coke prices the nitrogen fertilizer business is the lowest cost producer and marketer of ammonia and UAN fertilizers in North America.

 

We have two business segments: petroleum and nitrogen fertilizer. For the fiscal years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, we generated combined net sales of $2.4 billion, $3.0 billion and $3.0 billion, respectively, and operating income of $270.8 million, $281.6 million and $204.3 million, respectively. Our petroleum business generated $2.3 billion, $2.9 billion and $2.8 billion of our combined net sales, respectively, over these periods, with the nitrogen fertilizer business generating substantially all of the remainder. In addition, during these periods, our petroleum business contributed $199.7 million, $245.6 million and $162.5 million of our combined operating income, respectively, with the nitrogen fertilizer business contributing substantially all of the remainder.

 

The limited partnership which operates the nitrogen fertilizer business filed a registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on February 28, 2008 in connection with selling certain of its interests to the public but there is no assurance that such offering will be consummated on the terms described in the registration statement or at all.

 

Our History

 

Our refinery assets, which began operation in 1906, and the nitrogen fertilizer plant, which was built in 2000, were operated as a small component of Farmland Industries, Inc., an agricultural cooperative, and its predecessors until March 3, 2004. Farmland filed for bankruptcy protection on May 31, 2002.

 

Coffeyville Resources, LLC, a subsidiary of Coffeyville Group Holdings, LLC, won the bankruptcy court auction for Farmland’s petroleum business and a nitrogen fertilizer plant and completed the purchase of these assets on March 3, 2004. Coffeyville Group Holdings, LLC operated our business from March 3, 2004 through June 24, 2005.

 

On June 24, 2005, pursuant to a stock purchase agreement dated May 15, 2005, Coffeyville Acquisition LLC, which was formed in Delaware on May 13, 2005 by certain funds affiliated with Goldman, Sachs & Co. and Kelso & Company, L.P. (the “Goldman Sachs Funds” and the “Kelso Funds,” respectively), acquired all of the subsidiaries of Coffeyville Group Holdings, LLC. Coffeyville Acquisition operated our business from June 24, 2005 until CVR Energy’s initial public offering in October 2007.

 

CVR Energy was formed in September 2006 as a subsidiary of Coffeyville Acquisition in order to consummate an initial public offering of the businesses operated by Coffeyville Acquisition. Prior to CVR

Energy’s initial public offering in October 2007, (1) Coffeyville Acquisition transferred all of its businesses to CVR Energy in exchange for all of CVR Energy’s common stock, (2) Coffeyville Acquisition was effectively split into two entities, with the Kelso Funds controlling Coffeyville Acquisition and the Goldman Sachs Funds controlling Coffeyville Acquisition II LLC and CVR Energy’s senior management receiving an equivalent position in each of the two entities, (3) we transferred our nitrogen fertilizer business into a newly formed limited partnership in exchange for all of the partnership interests in the limited partnership and (4) we sold all of the interests of the managing general partner of this partnership to an entity owned by our controlling stockholders and senior management at fair market value on the date of the transfer. CVR Energy consummated its initial public offering on October 26, 2007.

 

On February 28, 2008, the Partnership filed a registration statement with the SEC to effect a contemplated initial public offering of its common units representing limited partner interests. The registration statement provides that upon consummation of the Partnership’s initial public offering, we will indirectly own the Partnership’s special general partner and approximately 87% of the outstanding units of the Partnership. There can be no assurance that any such offering will be consummated on the terms described in the registration statement or at all.

 

Petroleum Business

 

Asset Description

 

We operate a complex cracking and coking medium-sour oil refinery which at maximum capacity has the ability to produce 123,500 bpd of petroleum products. This amount represents approximately 17% of our region’s output. The facility is situated on approximately 440 acres in southeast Kansas, approximately 100 miles from Cushing, Oklahoma, a major crude oil trading and storage hub.

 

The Coffeyville refinery is a complex facility. Complexity is a measure of a refinery’s ability to process lower quality crude in an economic manner. It is also a measure of a refinery’s ability to convert lower cost, more abundant heavier and sour crudes into greater volumes of higher valued refined products such as gasoline and distillate, thereby providing a competitive advantage over less complex refineries. For the year ended December 31, 2007, our refinery’s product yield included gasoline (mainly regular unleaded) (43%), diesel fuel (mainly ultra low sulfur diesel) (40%), and coke and other refined products such as NGC (propane, butane), slurry, reformer feeds, sulfur, gas oil and produced fuel (17%).

 

Our petroleum business also includes the following auxiliary operating assets:

 

 

Feedstocks Supply

 

Our refinery has the capability to process blends of a variety of crudes ranging from heavy sour to light sweet crudes. Currently, our refinery processes crude from a broad array of sources. We purchase foreign crudes from Latin America, South America, West Africa, the Middle East, the North Sea and Canada. We purchase domestic crudes from Kansas, Oklahoma, Nebraska, Texas, and offshore deepwater Gulf of Mexico production. While crude oil has historically constituted over 85% of our feedstock inputs during the last five years, other feedstock inputs include isobutane, normal butane, natural gas, alky feed, gas oil and vacuum tower bottoms.

 

Crude is supplied to our refinery through our wholly owned gathering system and by pipeline. Our crude gathering system was expanded in 2006 and now supplies in excess of 21,000 bpd of crude to the refinery (approximately 20% of total supply). Locally produced crudes are delivered to the refinery at a discount to WTI and are of similar quality to WTI. These lighter sweet crudes allow us to blend higher percentages of low cost crudes such as heavy sour Canadian while maintaining our target medium sour blend with an API gravity of 28-35 degrees and 1.0-1.2% sulfur. Crude oils sourced outside of our proprietary gathering system are delivered to Cushing, Oklahoma by various pipelines including Seaway, Basin and Spearhead and subsequently to Coffeyville via Plains pipeline and our own 145,000 bpd proprietary pipeline system.

 

For the year ended December 31, 2007, our crude oil supply blend was comprised of approximately 65% light sweet crude oil, 12% heavy sour crude oil and 23% medium/light sour crude oil. The light sweet crude oil includes our locally gathered crude oil.

 

We obtain all of the crude oil for our refinery under a credit intermediation agreement with J. Aron (other than crude oil that we acquire in Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, Oklahoma and all states adjacent thereto). The credit intermediation agreement helps us reduce our inventory position and mitigate crude pricing risk.

 

Marketing and Distribution

 

We focus our petroleum products marketing efforts in the central mid-continent and Rocky Mountain areas because of their relative proximity to our oil refinery and their pipeline access. Since June 2005, we have significantly expanded our rack sales. Rack sales are sales made using tanker trucks via either a proprietary or third party terminal facility designed for truck loading. In the year ended December 31, 2007, approximately 23% of the refinery’s products were sold through the rack system directly to retail and wholesale customers while the remaining 77% was sold through pipelines via bulk spot and term contracts. We make bulk sales (sales through third party pipelines) into the mid-continent markets via Magellan and into Colorado and other destinations utilizing the product pipeline networks owned by Magellan, Enterprise and NuStar.

 

We are able to distribute gasoline, diesel fuel, and natural gas liquids produced at the refinery either into the Magellan or Enterprise pipelines and further on through NuStar and other Magellan systems or via the trucking system. The Magellan #2 and #3 pipelines (with capacity of 81,000 bpd and 32,000 bpd, respectively) are connected directly to the refinery and transport products to Kansas City and other northern cities. The NuStar and Magellan (Mountain) pipelines are accessible via the Enterprise outbound line (with capacity of 12,000 bpd) or through the Magellan system at El Dorado, Kansas. Our fuels loading rack at our Coffeyville refinery has a maximum delivery capability of 40,000 bpd of finished gasoline and diesel fuels.

 

Customers

 

Customers for our petroleum products include other refiners, convenience store companies, railroads and farm cooperatives. We have bulk term contracts in place with many of these customers, which typically extend from a few months to one year in length. For the year ended December 31, 2007, QuikTrip Corporation accounted for 11.6% of our petroleum business sales and 64.3% of our petroleum sales were made to our 10 largest customers. We sell bulk products based on industry market related indexes such as Platt’s or NYMEX related Group Market (Midwest) prices. We have also implemented a rack marketing initiative. Truck rack

sales are at daily posted prices which are influenced by the NYMEX, competitor pricing and group spot market differentials.

 

Competition

 

We compete with our competitors primarily on the basis of price, reliability of supply, availability of multiple grades of products and location. The principal competitive factors affecting our refining operations are costs of crude oil and other feedstock costs, refinery complexity (a measure of a refinery’s ability to convert lower cost heavy and sour crudes into greater volumes of higher valued refined products such as gasoline and distillate), refinery efficiency, refinery product mix and product distribution and transportation costs.

 

In addition to seven mid-continent refineries operated by Conoco Phillips, Frontier Oil, Valero, NCRA, Gary Williams Energy, Sinclair and Sunoco, our oil refinery in Coffeyville, Kansas competes against trading companies such as SemFuel, L.P., Western Petroleum, Center Oil, Tauber Oil Company, Morgan Stanley and others. In addition to competing refineries located in the mid-continent United States, our oil refinery also competes with other refineries located outside the region that are linked to the mid-continent market through an extensive product pipeline system. These competitors include refineries located near the U.S. Gulf Coast and the Texas Panhandle region. Our refinery competition also includes branded, integrated and independent oil refining companies such as BP, Shell, ConocoPhillips, Valero, Sunoco and Citgo.

 

Seasonality

 

Our petroleum business experiences seasonal effects as demand for gasoline products is generally higher during the summer months than during the winter months due to seasonal increases in highway traffic and road construction work. Demand for diesel fuel during the winter months also decreases due to agricultural work declines during the winter months. As a result, our results of operations for the first and fourth calendar quarters are generally lower than for those for the second and third calendar quarters. In addition, unseasonably cool weather in the summer months and/or unseasonably warm weather in the winter months in the markets in which we sell our petroleum products can vary demand for gasoline and diesel fuel.

 

Nitrogen Fertilizer Business

 

The nitrogen fertilizer business operates the only nitrogen fertilizer plant in North America that utilizes a pet coke gasification process to generate hydrogen feedstock that is further converted to ammonia for the production of nitrogen fertilizers. The nitrogen fertilizer business is also moving forward with an approximately $85 million fertilizer plant expansion, of which approximately $8 million was incurred as of December 31, 2007. We estimate this expansion will increase the nitrogen fertilizer plant’s capacity to upgrade ammonia into premium priced UAN by approximately 50%. We currently expect to complete this expansion in late 2009 or early 2010.

 

The facility uses a gasification process licensed from an affiliate of the General Electric Company (“General Electric”) to convert pet coke to high purity hydrogen for subsequent conversion to ammonia. It uses between 950 to 1,050 tons per day of pet coke from our refinery and another 250 to 300 tons per day from unaffiliated, third-party sources such as other Midwestern refineries or pet coke brokers and converts it all to approximately 1,200 tons per day of ammonia. The nitrogen fertilizer plant has the following advantages compared to competing natural gas-based facilities:

 

Significantly Lower Cost Position.  The nitrogen fertilizer plant’s pet coke gasification process uses less than 1% of the natural gas relative to other nitrogen-based fertilizer facilities that are heavily dependent upon natural gas and are thus heavily impacted by natural gas price swings. Because the nitrogen fertilizer plant uses pet coke, the nitrogen fertilizer business has a significant cost advantage over other North American natural gas-based fertilizer producers. Our adjacent refinery has supplied on average more than 75% of the nitrogen fertilizer business’ pet coke needs during the last four years.

Strategic Location with Transportation Advantage.  The nitrogen fertilizer business believes that selling products to customers within economic rail transportation limits of the nitrogen fertilizer plant and reducing transportation costs are keys to maintaining its profitability. Due to the nitrogen fertilizer plant’s favorable location relative to end users and high product demand relative to production volume, all of the product shipments are targeted to freight advantaged destinations located in the U.S. farm belt. The available ammonia production at the nitrogen fertilizer plant is small and easily sold into truck and rail delivery points. The products leave our nitrogen fertilizer plant either in trucks for direct shipment to customers or in railcars for principally Union Pacific Railroad destinations. The nitrogen fertilizer business does not incur any intermediate storage, barge or pipeline freight charges. Consequently, because these costs are not incurred, the nitrogen fertilizer business estimates that it enjoys a distribution cost advantage over U.S. Gulf Coast ammonia and UAN producers and importers, assuming in each case freight rates and pipeline tariffs for U.S. Gulf Coast producers and importers as recently in effect.

 

On-Stream Factor.  The on-stream factor is a measure of how long the units comprising the nitrogen fertilizer facility have been operational over a given period. The nitrogen fertilizer business expects that efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer plant will continue to improve with operator training, replacement of unreliable equipment, and reduced dependence on contract maintenance.

 

 

 

 

Raw Material Supply

 

The nitrogen fertilizer facility’s primary input is pet coke. During the past four years, more than 75% of the nitrogen fertilizer business’ pet coke requirements on average were supplied by our adjacent oil refinery. Historically the nitrogen fertilizer business has obtained the remainder of its pet coke needs from third parties such as other Midwestern refineries or pet coke brokers at spot prices. If necessary, the gasifier can also operate on low grade coal as an alternative, which provides an additional raw material source. There are significant supplies of low grade coal available to the nitrogen fertilizer plant.

 

Pet coke is produced as a by-product of the refinery’s coker unit process, which is one step in refining crude oil into gasoline, diesel and jet fuel. In order to refine heavy crude oils, which are lower in cost and more prevalent than higher quality crude, refiners use coker units, which help to convert the heavier components of these crudes. In North America, the shift from refining dwindling reserves of sweet crude oil to more readily available heavy and sour crude (which can be obtained from, among other places, the Canadian oil sands) will result in increased pet coke production. With $26.6 billion in coker unit projects planned at North American refineries as of November 2007, pet coke production is expected to increase significantly in the future.

 

The nitrogen fertilizer business’ fertilizer plant is located in Coffeyville, Kansas, which is part of the Midwest coke market. The Midwest coke market is not subject to the same level of pet coke price variability as is the Gulf Coast coke market, due mainly to more stable transportation costs. Pet coke transportation costs have gone up substantially in both the Atlantic and Pacific sectors. Given the fact that the majority of the nitrogen fertilizer business’ coke suppliers are located in the Midwest, the nitrogen fertilizer business’s geographic location gives it a significant freight cost advantage over its Gulf Coast coke market competitors. The Midwest Green Coke (Chicago Area, FOB Source) annual average price over the last three years has ranged from $24.50 per ton to $26.83. The U.S. Gulf Coast market annual average price during the same

period has ranged from $21.29 per ton to $49.83. Furthermore, Sinclair Tulsa Refining, located in Oklahoma, has announced a coker expansion project, and Frontier in El Dorado, Kansas has a coker expansion project under construction. These new refinery expansions should help to further supply the Midwest coke market.

 

The Linde Group (“Linde”) owns, operates, and maintains the air separation plant that provides contract volumes of oxygen, nitrogen, and compressed dry air to the gasifier for a monthly fee. The nitrogen fertilizer business provides and pays for all utilities required for operation of the air separation plant. The air separation plant has not experienced any long-term operating problems. The nitrogen fertilizer plant is covered for business interruption insurance for up to $25 million in case of any interruption in the supply of oxygen from Linde from a covered peril. The agreement with Linde expires in 2020. The agreement also provides that if the nitrogen fertilizer business’ requirements for liquid or gaseous oxygen, liquid or gaseous nitrogen or clean dry air exceed specified instantaneous flow rates by at least 10%, the nitrogen fertilizer business can solicit bids from Linde and third parties to supply its incremental product needs. The nitrogen fertilizer business is required to provide notice to Linde of the approximate quantity of excess product that it will need and the approximate date by which it will need it; the nitrogen fertilizer business and Linde will then jointly develop a request for proposal for soliciting bids from third parties and Linde. The bidding procedures may be limited under specified circumstances.

 

The nitrogen fertilizer business imports start-up steam for the nitrogen fertilizer plant from our oil refinery, and then exports steam back to the oil refinery once all units in the nitrogen fertilizer plant are in service. We have entered into a feedstock and shared services agreement with the Partnership which regulates, among other things, the import and export of start-up steam between the refinery and the nitrogen fertilizer plant.

 

Production Process

 

The nitrogen fertilizer plant was built in 2000 with two separate gasifiers to provide reliability. It uses a gasification process licensed from General Electric to convert pet coke to high purity hydrogen for subsequent conversion to ammonia. The nitrogen fertilizer plant is capable of processing approximately 1,300 tons per day of pet coke from our oil refinery and third-party sources and converting it into approximately 1,200 tons per day of ammonia. A majority of the ammonia is converted to approximately 2,000 tons per day of UAN. Typically 0.41 tons of ammonia are required to produce one ton of UAN.

 

Pet coke is first ground and blended with water and a fluxant (a mixture of fly ash and sand) to form a slurry that is then pumped into the partial oxidation gasifier. The slurry is then contacted with oxygen from the Linde air separation unit. Partial oxidation reactions take place and the synthesis gas (“syngas”) consisting predominantly of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, is formed. The mineral residue from the slurry is a molten slag (a glasslike substance containing the metal impurities originally present in coke) and flows along with the syngas into a quench chamber. The syngas and slag are rapidly cooled and the syngas is separated from the slag.

 

Slag becomes a by-product of the process. The syngas is scrubbed and saturated with moisture. The syngas next flows through a shift unit where the carbon monoxide in the syngas is reacted with the moisture to form hydrogen and CO₂. The heat from this reaction generates saturated steam. This steam is combined with steam produced in the ammonia unit and the excess steam not consumed by the process is sent to the adjacent oil refinery.

 

After additional heat recovery, the high-pressure syngas is cooled and processed in the acid gas removal unit. The syngas is then fed to a pressure swing absorption (“PSA”) where the remaining impurities are extracted. The PSA unit reduces residual carbon monoxide and CO₂ levels to trace levels, and the moisture-free, high-purity hydrogen is sent directly to the ammonia synthesis loop.

 

The hydrogen is reacted with nitrogen from the air separation unit in the ammonia unit to form the ammonia product. A large portion of the ammonia is converted to UAN.

The following is an illustrative Nitrogen Fertilizer Plant Process Flow Chart:

 

 

The nitrogen fertilizer business schedules and provides routine maintenance to its critical equipment using its own maintenance technicians. Pursuant to a Technical Services Agreement with General Electric, which licenses the gasification technology to the nitrogen fertilizer business, General Electric experts provide technical advice and technological updates from their ongoing research as well as other licensees’ operating experiences.

 

The pet coke gasification process is licensed from General Electric pursuant to a license agreement that was fully paid up as of June 1, 2007. The license grants the nitrogen fertilizer business perpetual rights to use the pet coke gasification process on specified terms and conditions. The license is important because it allows the nitrogen fertilizer facility to operate at a low cost compared to facilities which rely on natural gas.

 

Distribution, Sales and Marketing

 

The primary geographic markets for the nitrogen fertilizer business’ fertilizer products are Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, Iowa, Illinois, Colorado and Texas. The nitrogen fertilizer business markets the ammonia products to industrial and agricultural customers and the UAN products to agricultural customers. The direct application agricultural demand from the nitrogen fertilizer plant occurs in three main use periods. The summer wheat pre-plant occurs in August and September. The fall pre-plant occurs in late October and in November. The highest level of ammonia demand is traditionally in the spring pre-plant period, from March through May. There are also small fill volumes that move in the off-season to fill available storage at the dealer level.

 

Ammonia and UAN are distributed by truck or by railcar. If delivered by truck, products are sold on an FOB basis, and freight is normally arranged by the customer. The nitrogen fertilizer business leases a fleet of railcars for use in product delivery. The nitrogen fertilizer business also negotiates with distributors that have their own leased railcars to utilize these assets to deliver products. The nitrogen fertilizer business owns all of the truck and rail loading equipment at our nitrogen fertilizer facility. The nitrogen fertilizer business operates two truck loading and eight rail loading racks for each of ammonia and UAN.

 

The nitrogen fertilizer business markets agricultural products to destinations that produce the best margins for the business. These markets are primarily located near the Union Pacific Railroad lines or destinations that can be supplied by truck. By securing this business directly, the nitrogen fertilizer business reduces its

dependence on distributors serving the same customer base, which enables the nitrogen fertilizer business to capture a larger margin and allows it to better control its product distribution. Most of the agricultural sales are made on a competitive spot basis. The nitrogen fertilizer business also offers products on a prepay basis for in-season demand. The heavy in-season demand periods are spring and fall in the corn belt and summer in the wheat belt. The corn belt is the primary corn producing region of the United States, which includes Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, Ohio and Wisconsin. The wheat belt is the primary wheat producing region of the United States, which includes Kansas, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota and Texas. Some of the industrial sales are spot sales, but most are on annual or multiyear contracts. Industrial demand for ammonia provides consistent sales and allows the nitrogen fertilizer business to better manage inventory control and generate consistent cash flow.

 

Customers

 

The nitrogen fertilizer business sells ammonia to agricultural and industrial customers. The nitrogen fertilizer business sells approximately 80% of the ammonia it produces to agricultural customers in the mid-continent area between North Texas and Canada, and approximately 20% to industrial customers. Agricultural customers include distributors such as MFA, United Suppliers, Inc., Brandt Consolidated Inc., ConAgra Fertilizer, Interchem, and CHS Inc. Industrial customers include Tessenderlo Kerley, Inc. and National Cooperative Refinery Association. The nitrogen fertilizer business sells UAN products to retailers and distributors. Given the nature of its business, and consistent with industry practice, the nitrogen fertilizer business does not have long-term minimum purchase contracts with any of its customers.

 

For the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, the top five ammonia customers in the aggregate represented 55.2%, 51.9% and 62.1% of the nitrogen fertilizer business’ ammonia sales, respectively, and the top five UAN customers in the aggregate represented 43.1%, 30.0% and 38.7% of the nitrogen fertilizer business’ UAN sales, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2005, Brandt Consolidated Inc. and MFA accounted for 23.3% and 13.6% of the nitrogen fertilizer business’ ammonia sales, respectively, and CHS Inc. and ConAgra Fertilizer accounted for 14.7% and 12.7% of the nitrogen fertilizer business’ UAN sales, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2006, Brandt Consolidated Inc. and MFA accounted for 22.2% and 13.1% of its ammonia sales, respectively, and ConAgra Fertilizer and CHS Inc. accounted for 8.4% and 6.8% of its UAN sales, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2007, Brandt Consolidated Inc., MFA and ConAgra Fertilizer accounted for 17.4%, 15.0% and 14.4% of the nitrogen fertilizer business’ ammonia sales, respectively, and ConAgra Fertilizer accounted for 18.7% of its UAN sales.

 

Competition

 

Competition in the nitrogen fertilizer industry is dominated by price considerations. However, during the spring and fall application seasons, farming activities intensify and delivery capacity is a significant competitive factor. The nitrogen fertilizer business maintains a large fleet of leased rail cars and seasonally adjusts inventory to enhance its manufacturing and distribution operations.

 

Domestic competition, mainly from regional cooperatives and integrated multinational fertilizer companies, is intense due to customers’ sophisticated buying tendencies and production strategies that focus on cost and service. Also, foreign competition exists from producers of fertilizer products manufactured in countries with lower cost natural gas supplies. In certain cases, foreign producers of fertilizer who export to the United States may be subsidized by their respective governments. The nitrogen fertilizer business’ major competitors include Koch Nitrogen, PCS, Terra and CF Industries, all of which produce more UAN than the nitrogen fertilizer business does.

 

The nitrogen fertilizer business’ main competitors in ammonia marketing are Koch’s plants at Beatrice, Nebraska, Dodge City, Kansas and Enid, Oklahoma, as well as Terra’s plants in Verdigris and Woodward, Oklahoma and Port Neal, Iowa.

 

Based on Blue Johnson data regarding total U.S. demand for UAN and ammonia, we estimate that the nitrogen fertilizer plant’s UAN production in 2007 represented approximately 4.5% of the total U.S. demand

and that the net ammonia produced and marketed at Coffeyville represented less than 1% of the total U.S. demand.

 

Seasonality

 

Because the nitrogen fertilizer business primarily sells agricultural commodity products, its business is exposed to seasonal fluctuations in demand for nitrogen fertilizer products in the agricultural industry. As a result, the nitrogen fertilizer business typically generates greater net sales and operating income in the spring. In addition, the demand for fertilizers is affected by the aggregate crop planting decisions and fertilizer application rate decisions of individual farmers who make planting decisions based largely on the prospective profitability of a harvest. The specific varieties and amounts of fertilizer they apply depend on factors like crop prices, farmers’ current liquidity, soil conditions, weather patterns and the types of crops planted.

 

Environmental Matters

 

The petroleum and nitrogen fertilizer businesses are subject to extensive and frequently changing federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment. These laws, their underlying regulatory requirements and the enforcement thereof impact our petroleum business and operations and the nitrogen fertilizer business by imposing:

 

 

The petroleum refining industry is subject to frequent public and governmental scrutiny of its environmental compliance. As a result, the laws and regulations to which we are subject are often evolving and many of them have become more stringent or have become subject to more stringent interpretation or enforcement by federal and state agencies. The ultimate impact of complying with existing laws and regulations is not always clearly known or determinable due in part to the fact that our operations may change over time and certain implementing regulations for laws such as the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (the “RCRA”) and the federal Clean Air Act have not yet been finalized, are under governmental or judicial review or are being revised. These regulations and other new air and water quality standards and stricter fuel regulations could result in increased capital, operating and compliance costs.

 

The principal environmental risks associated with our petroleum operations and the nitrogen fertilizer business are air emissions, releases of hazardous substances into the environment, and the treatment and discharge of wastewater. The legislative and regulatory programs that affect these areas are outlined below. For a discussion of the environmental impact of the 2007 flood and crude oil discharge, see ‘‘— Flood and Crude Oil Discharge — Crude Oil Discharge” and “— Flood and Crude Oil Discharge — EPA Administrative Order on Consent.”

 

The Federal Clean Air Act

 

The federal Clean Air Act and its implementing regulations as well as the corresponding state laws and regulations that regulate emissions of pollutants into the air affect our petroleum operations and the nitrogen fertilizer business both directly and indirectly. Direct impacts may occur through the federal Clean Air Act’s permitting requirements and/or emission control requirements relating to specific air pollutants. The federal Clean Air Act indirectly affects our petroleum operations and the nitrogen fertilizer business by extensively regulating the air emissions of sulfur dioxide (“SO₂”), volatile organic compounds, nitrogen oxides and other compounds including those emitted by mobile sources, which are direct or indirect users of our products.

Some or all of the standards promulgated pursuant to the federal Clean Air Act, or any future promulgations of standards, may require the installation of controls or changes to our petroleum operations or the nitrogen fertilizer facilities in order to comply. If new controls or changes to operations are needed, the costs could be significant. These new requirements, other requirements of the federal Clean Air Act, or other presently existing or future environmental regulations could cause us to expend substantial amounts to comply and/or permit our refinery to produce products that meet applicable requirements.

 

Air Emissions.  The regulation of air emissions under the federal Clean Air Act requires us to obtain various operating permits and to incur capital expenditures for the installation of certain air pollution control devices at our refinery. Various regulations specific to, or that directly impact, our industry have been implemented, including regulations that seek to reduce emissions from refineries’ flare systems, sulfur plants, large heaters and boilers, fugitive emission sources and wastewater treatment systems. Some of the applicable programs are the Benzene Waste Operations National Emission Standard for Hazardous Air Pollutants (“NESHAP”), New Source Performance Standards, New Source Review, and Leak Detection and Repair. We have incurred, and expect to continue to incur, substantial capital expenditures to maintain compliance with these and other air emission regulations.

 

In March 2004, we entered into a Consent Decree with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (the “EPA”) and the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (the “KDHE”) to resolve air compliance concerns raised by the EPA and KDHE related to Farmland’s prior operation of our oil refinery. Under the Consent Decree, we agreed to install controls on certain process equipment and make certain operational changes at our refinery. As a result of our agreement to install certain controls and implement certain operational changes, the EPA and KDHE agreed not to impose civil penalties, and provided a release from liability for Farmland’s alleged noncompliance with the issues addressed by the Consent Decree. Pursuant to the Consent Decree, in the short term, we have increased the use of catalyst additives to the fluid catalytic cracking unit at the facility to reduce emissions of SO₂. We expect to begin adding catalyst to reduce oxides of nitrogen (“NOx”) in 2008. In the long term, we will install controls to minimize both SO₂ and NOx emissions, which under terms of the Consent Decree require that final controls be in place by January 1, 2011. In addition, pursuant to the Consent Decree, we assumed certain cleanup obligations at the Coffeyville refinery and the Phillipsburg terminal. We agreed to retrofit certain heaters at the refinery with Ultra Low NOx burners. All heater retrofits have been performed and we are currently verifying that the heaters meet the Ultra Low NOx standards required by the Consent Decree. The Ultra Low NOx heater technology is in widespread use throughout the industry. There are other permitting, monitoring, record-keeping and reporting requirements associated with the Consent Decree. The overall cost of complying with the Consent Decree is expected to be approximately $41 million, of which approximately $35 million is expected to be capital expenditures and which does not include the cleanup obligations. No penalties are expected to be imposed as a result of the Consent Decree.

 

Over the course of the last several years, the EPA embarked on a Petroleum Refining Initiative alleging industry-wide noncompliance with four “marquee” issues: New Source Review, flaring, Leak Detection and Repair, and Benzene Waste Operations NESHAP. The Petroleum Refining Initiative has resulted in many refiners entering into consent decrees imposing civil penalties and requiring substantial expenditures for additional or enhanced pollution control. The EPA has indicated that it will seek all refiners to enter into “global settlements” pertaining to all “marquee” issues. Our current Consent Decree covers some, but not all, of the “marquee” issues. To the extent that we were to agree to enter a “global settlement,” we believe our incremental capital exposure would be limited primarily to the retrofit and replacement of heaters and boilers over a five to seven year timeframe.

 

Title V Air Permitting.  The petroleum refinery is a “major source” of air emissions under the Title V permitting program of the federal Clean Air Act. A final Class I (major source) operating permit was issued for our oil refinery in August 2006. We are currently in the process of amending the Title V permit to include the recently approved expansion project permit and the continuous catalytic reformer permit. The nitrogen fertilizer plant has amended its Title V permit application to contain all terms and conditions imposed under its new Prevention of Significant Deterioration (“PSD”) permit and all other air permits and/or approvals in place. We do not anticipate significant cost or difficulty in obtaining the Title V operating air permit for the

nitrogen fertilizer plant. We believe that we hold all material air permits required to operate the Phillipsburg Terminal and our crude oil transportation company’s facilities.

 

Release Reporting

 

The release of hazardous substances or extremely hazardous substances into the environment is subject to release reporting of threshold quantities under federal and state environmental laws. Our petroleum operations and the nitrogen fertilizer business periodically experience releases of hazardous substances and extremely hazardous substances that could cause our petroleum business and/or the nitrogen fertilizer business to become the subject of a government enforcement action or third-party claims.

 

The nitrogen fertilizer facility experienced an ammonia release as a result of a malfunction in August 2007 and reported the excess ammonia emissions to the EPA and KDHE. The EPA has investigated the release and has requested additional data. Our incident investigation related to the release indicates that the malfunction could not have been reasonably anticipated or avoided and we have forwarded our results to the EPA.

 

As a result of an inspection by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (“OSHA”) following the August 2007 ammonia release OSHA issued citations against both the nitrogen fertilizer facility and the refinery seeking penalties totaling $163,000.

 

Fuel Regulations

 

Tier II, Low Sulfur Fuels.  In February 2000, the EPA promulgated the Tier II Motor Vehicle Emission Standards Final Rule for all passenger vehicles, establishing standards for sulfur content in gasoline. These regulations mandate that the sulfur content of gasoline at any refinery shall not exceed 30 ppm during any calendar year beginning January 1, 2006. Such compliant gasoline is referred to as Ultra Low Sulfur Gasoline (“ULSG”). Phase-in of these requirements began during 2004. In addition, in January 2001, the EPA promulgated its on-road diesel regulations, which required a 97% reduction in the sulfur content of diesel sold for highway use by June 1, 2006, with full compliance by January 1, 2010. The EPA adopted a rule for off-road diesel in May 2004. The off-road diesel regulations will generally require a 97% reduction in the sulfur content of diesel sold for off-road use by June 1, 2010. Such compliant diesel is referred to as Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel (“ULSD”). We believe that our production of ULSG and ULSD will make us eligible for significant tax benefits in 2007 and 2008.

 

Modifications have been and will continue to be required at our refinery as a result of the Tier II gasoline and low sulfur diesel standards. In February 2004 the EPA granted us approval under a “hardship waiver” that would defer meeting final low sulfur Tier II gasoline standards until January 1, 2011 in exchange for our meeting low sulfur highway diesel requirements by January 1, 2007. We completed the construction and startup phase of our Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel Hydrodesulfurization unit in late 2006 and met the conditions of the “hardship waiver.” We are currently continuing our phased construction and startup of projects related to meeting our compliance date with ULSG standards. Compliance with the Tier II gasoline and on-road diesel standards required us to spend approximately $133 million during 2006 and approximately $103 million during 2007, and we estimate that compliance will require us to spend approximately $69 million between 2008 and 2010.

 

As a result of the 2007 flood, our refinery was not able to meet the annual average sulfur standard required in our “hardship waiver.” We provided timely notice to the EPA that we would not be able to meet the waiver requirement for 2007. Ordinarily, a refiner would purchase sulfur credits to meet the standard requirement. However, our “hardship waiver” does not allow sulfur credits to be used in 2006 and 2007. We have been working with the EPA to resolve the matter. In anticipation of settlement, the refinery purchased $3.6 million worth of sulfur credits that would equate to our exceeding the standard imposed by the “hardship waiver.” We will either use the credits by applying them towards our gasoline pool account, or we will permanently retire the credits as part of our settlement. Because of the extraordinary nature of the 2007 flood, we do not anticipate the imposition of fines or penalties to resolve this matter. Additionally, we expect to meet our 2008 annual average sulfur limits as the exceedance for 2007 was outside of our control.

Greenhouse Gas Emissions

 

The United States Congress has considered various proposals to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, but none have become law, and presently, there are no federal mandatory greenhouse gas emissions requirements. While it is probable that Congress will adopt some form of federal mandatory greenhouse gas emission reductions legislation in the future, the timing and specific requirements of any such legislation are uncertain at this time. In the absence of existing federal regulations, a number of states have adopted regional greenhouse gas initiatives to reduce CO₂ and other greenhouse gas emissions. In 2007, a group of Midwest states, including Kansas (where our refinery and the nitrogen fertilizer facility are located), formed the Midwestern Greenhouse Gas Accord, which calls for the development of a cap-and-trade system to control greenhouse gas emissions and for the inventory of such emissions. However, the individual states that have signed on to the accord must adopt laws or regulations implementing the trading scheme before it becomes effective, and the timing and specific requirements of any such laws or regulations in Kansas are uncertain at this time.

 

Compliance with any future legislation or regulation of greenhouse gas emissions, if it occurs, may result in increased compliance and operating costs and may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition, and the ability of the nitrogen fertilizer business to make distributions. In anticipation of the potential legislation or regulation of greenhouse gas emissions, the nitrogen fertilizer business is focused on initiatives to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, particularly CO₂, and is working with a company with expertise in CO₂ capture and storage systems to develop plans whereby the nitrogen fertilizer business may, in the future, either sell approximately 850,000 tons per year of high purity CO₂ produced by the nitrogen fertilizer plant to oil and gas exploration and production companies to enhance oil recovery or pursue an economic means of geologically sequestering such CO₂. This project is currently in development, but is expected, if completed, to include either the direct sale of CO₂ or the sale of verified emission reduction credits should the credits accrete value in the future due to the implementation of mandatory emissions caps for CO₂.

 

The Clean Water Act

 

The federal Clean Water Act of 1972 affects our petroleum operations and the nitrogen fertilizer business by regulating the treatment of wastewater and imposing restrictions on effluent discharges into, or impacting, navigable water. Regular monitoring, reporting requirements and performance standards are preconditions for the issuance and renewal of permits governing the discharge of pollutants into water. Our petroleum business maintains numerous discharge permits as required under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System program of the federal Clean Water Act and has implemented internal programs to oversee our compliance efforts. Our nitrogen fertilizer facility operates under pretreatment requirements and has a permit to discharge our process wastewater to the local publicly owned treatment works.

 

All of our facilities are subject to Spill Prevention, Control and Countermeasures (“SPCC”) requirements under the Clean Water Act. In 2004, certain requirements of the rule were extended, and additional modifications are expected. When the modifications to the SPCC rule become final, we may be required to make capital expenditures in order to comply with the modified rule; however, we do not anticipate that any such costs will be significant.

 

In addition, we are regulated under the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (the “Oil Pollution Act”). Among other requirements, the Oil Pollution Act requires the owner or operator of a tank vessel or facility to maintain an emergency oil response plan to respond to releases of oil or hazardous substances. We have developed and implemented such a plan for each of our facilities covered by the Oil Pollution Act. Also, in case of such releases, the Oil Pollution Act requires responsible parties to pay the resulting removal costs and damages, provides for substantial civil penalties, and authorizes the imposition of criminal and civil sanctions for violations. States where we have operations have laws similar to the Oil Pollution Act.

 

Wastewater Management.  We have a wastewater treatment plant at our refinery permitted to handle an average flow of 2.2 million gallons per day. The facility uses a complete mix activated sludge (“CMAS”) system with three CMAS basins. The plant operates pursuant to a KDHE permit. We are also implementing a comprehensive spill response plan in accordance with the EPA rules and guidance.

Ongoing fuels terminal and asphalt plant operations at Phillipsburg generate only limited wastewater flows (e.g., boiler blowdown, asphalt loading rack condensate, groundwater treatment). These flows are handled in a wastewater treatment plant that includes a primary clarifier, aerated secondary clarifier, and a final clarifier to a lagoon system. The plant operates pursuant to a KDHE Water Pollution Control Permit. To control facility runoff, management implements a comprehensive Spill Response Plan. Phillipsburg also has a timely and current application on file with the KDHE for a separate storm water control permit.

 

Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

 

Our operations are subject to the RCRA requirements for the generation, treatment, storage and disposal of hazardous wastes. When feasible, RCRA materials are recycled instead of being disposed of on-site or off-site. RCRA establishes standards for the management of solid and hazardous wastes. Besides governing current waste disposal practices, RCRA also addresses the environmental effects of certain past waste disposal operations, the recycling of wastes and the regulation of underground storage tanks containing regulated substances.

 

Waste Management.  There are two closed hazardous waste units at the refinery and eight other hazardous waste units in the process of being closed pending state agency approval. In addition, one closed interim status hazardous waste landfarm located at the Phillipsburg terminal is under long-term post closure care.

 

We have set aside approximately $3.2 million in financial assurance for closure/post-closure care for hazardous waste management units at the Phillipsburg terminal and the Coffeyville refinery.

 

Impacts of Past Manufacturing.  We are subject to a 1994 EPA administrative order related to investigation of possible past releases of hazardous materials to the environment at the Coffeyville refinery. In accordance with the order, we have documented existing soil and ground water conditions, which require investigation or remediation projects. The Phillipsburg terminal is subject to a 1996 EPA administrative order related to investigation of possible past releases of hazardous materials to the environment at the Phillipsburg terminal, which operated as a refinery until 1991. The Consent Decree that we signed with the EPA and KDHE requires us to complete all activities in accordance with federal and state rules.

 

The anticipated remediation costs through 2011 were estimated, as of December 31, 2007, to be as follows (in millions):

 

 

These estimates are based on current information and could go up or down as additional information becomes available through our ongoing remediation and investigation activities. At this point, we have estimated that, over ten years starting in 2008, we will spend between $5.8 million and $6.3 million to remedy impacts from past manufacturing activity at the Coffeyville refinery and to address existing soil and groundwater contamination at the Phillipsburg terminal. It is possible that additional costs will be required after this ten year period.

 

Environmental Insurance.  We have entered into environmental insurance policies as part of our overall risk management strategy. Our primary pollution legal liability policy provides us with an aggregate limit of $25.0 million subject to a $5.0 million self-insured retention. This policy covers cleanup costs resulting from pre-existing or new pollution conditions and bodily injury and property damage resulting from pollution conditions. It also includes a $25.0 million business interruption sub-limit subject to a 45-day waiting period. Our excess pollution legal liability policies provide us with up to an additional $50.0 million of aggregate limit. The excess pollution legal liability policies may not provide coverage until the $25.0 million of underlying limit available in the primary pollution legal liability policy has been exhausted. We also have a financial assurance policy linked to our pollution legal liability policy that provides a $4.0 million limit per

pollution incident and an $8.0 million aggregate policy limit related specifically to closed RCRA units at the Coffeyville refinery and the Phillipsburg terminal. Each of these policies contains substantial exclusions; as such, there can be no assurance that we will have coverage for all or any particular liabilities. For a discussion of our insurance policies that relate to coverage for the 2007 flood and crude oil discharge, see “— Flood and Crude Oil Discharge — Insurance.”

 

Financial Assurance.  We were required in the Consent Decree to establish $15 million in financial assurance to cover the projected cleanup costs posed by the Coffeyville and Phillipsburg facilities in the event we failed to fulfill our clean-up obligations. In accordance with the Consent Decree, this financial assurance is currently provided by a bond posted by Original Predecessor, Farmland. We will be required to replace the financial assurance currently provided by Farmland and have so replaced approximately $4.5 million to date. At this point, it is not clear what the amount of financial assurance will be when replaced. Although it may be significant, we do not expect it will be more than $15 million.

 

Environmental Remediation

 

Under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (“CERCLA”), RCRA, and related state laws, certain persons may be liable for the release or threatened release of hazardous substances. These persons include the current owner or operator of property where a release or threatened release occurred, any persons who owned or operated the property when the release occurred, and any persons who disposed of, or arranged for the transportation or disposal of, hazardous substances at a contaminated property. Liability under CERCLA is strict, retroactive and joint and several, so that any responsible party may be held liable for the entire cost of investigating and remediating the release of hazardous substances. The liability of a party is determined by the cost of investigation and remediation, the portion and toxicity of the hazardous substance(s) the party contributed, the number of solvent potentially responsible parties, and other factors.

 

As is the case with all companies engaged in similar industries, we face potential exposure from future claims and lawsuits involving environmental matters, including soil and water contamination, personal injury or property damage allegedly caused by hazardous substances that we, or potentially Farmland, manufactured, handled, used, stored, transported, spilled, released or disposed of. We cannot assure you that we will not become involved in future proceedings related to our release of hazardous or extremely hazardous substances or that, if we were held responsible for damages in any existing or future proceedings, such costs would be covered by insurance or would not be material.

 

Safety and Health Matters

 

We operate a comprehensive safety, health and security program, involving active participation of employees at all levels of the organization. We measure our success in the safety and health area primarily through the use of injury frequency rates administered by OSHA. In 2007, our oil refinery experienced a 75% reduction in injury frequency rates and the nitrogen fertilizer plant experienced a 81% reduction in such rate as compared to the average of the previous three years. The recordable injury rate reflects the number of recordable incidents (injuries as defined by OSHA) per 200,000 hours worked. For the year ended December 31, 2006, we had a recordable injury rate of 0.30 in our petroleum business and 4.90 in the nitrogen fertilizer business. For the year ended December 31, 2007, we had a recordable injury rate of 0.50 in our petroleum business and 0.93 in the nitrogen fertilizer business. Our recordable injury rate for all business units was 0.28 for the period from January 2007 to December 2007. In 2006, our refinery achieved one year worked without a lost-time accident, which based on available records, had never been achieved in the 100 year history of the facility, and in March 2007 our petroleum business achieved a milestone after operating for 1,000,000 consecutive man hours without a lost-time accident. For the year ended December 31, 2007, our nitrogen fertilizer business did not have a single lost-time accident. Despite our efforts to achieve excellence in our safety and health performance, there can be no assurances that there will not be accidents resulting in injuries or even fatalities. We have implemented a new incident investigation program that is intended to improve the safety for our employees by identifying the root cause of accidents and potential accidents and by

correcting conditions that could cause or contribute to accidents or injuries. We routinely audit our programs and consider improvements in our management systems.

 

Process Safety Management.  We maintain a Process Safety Management (“PSM”) program. This program is designed to address all facets associated with OSHA guidelines for developing and maintaining a PSM program. We will continue to audit our programs and consider improvements in our management systems and equipment.

 

We have evaluated and continue to implement improvements at our refinery’s process units, process pumping and piping systems and emergency isolation valves for control of process flows. We currently estimate the costs for implementing any recommended improvements to be between $7 million and $9 million over a period of four years. These improvements, if warranted, would reduce the risk of releases, spills, discharges, leaks, accidents, fires or other events and minimize the potential effects thereof. We are currently completing the start-up of the final additions of a new $27 million refinery flare system that replaced any remaining atmospheric sumps in our refinery. We have assessed the potential impacts on building occupancy caused by the location and design of our refinery and fertilizer plant control rooms and operator shelters. We have relocated non-essential personnel and contractors from the areas around the process areas and are currently constructing and installing permanent blast-proof operator control rooms and outside shelters. We expect the costs to upgrade or relocate these areas to be between $4 million and $6 million over the next two to five years.

 

In 2007, OSHA began PSM inspections of all refineries under its jurisdiction as part of its National Emphasis Program (the “NEP”) following OSHA’s investigation of PSM issues relating to the multiple fatality explosion and fire at the BP Texas City facility in 2005. Completed NEP inspections have resulted in OSHA levying significant fines and penalties against most of the refineries inspected to date. At this time, our refinery has not been inspected in connection with OSHA’s NEP program. Although we believe that our PSM program is in substantial compliance with OSHA PSM regulations, an OSHA NEP inspection could result in the imposition of significant fines and penalties as well as significant additional capital expenditures related to PSM.

 

Emergency Planning and Response.  We have an emergency response plan that describes the organization, responsibilities and plans for responding to emergencies in the facilities. This plan is communicated to local regulatory and community groups. We have on-site warning siren systems and personal radios. We will continue to audit our programs and consider improvements in our management systems and equipment.

 

Security.  We have a comprehensive security program to protect our facilities from unauthorized entry and exit from the facilities and potential acts of terrorism. Recent changes in the U.S. Department of Homeland Security rules and requirements may require enhancements and improvements to our current program.

 

Community Advisory Panel.  We developed and continue to support ongoing discussions with the community to share information about our operations and future plans. Our community advisory panel includes wide representation of residents, business owners and local elected representatives for the city and county.

 

Employees

 

As of December 31, 2007, 428 employees were employed in our petroleum business, 105 were employed by the nitrogen fertilizer business and 44 employees were employed at our offices in Sugar Land, Texas and Kansas City, Kansas.

 

We entered into collective bargaining agreements which as of December 31, 2007 cover approximately 41% of our employees (all of whom work in our petroleum business) with the Metal Trades Union and the United Steelworkers of America. The collective bargaining agreements expire in March 2009. We believe that our relationship with our employees is good.

Prior to the consummation of our initial public offering, we entered into a services agreement with the Partnership and the managing general partner of the Partnership pursuant to which we agreed to provide certain management and other services to the Partnership, the managing general partner of the Partnership, and the Partnership’s nitrogen fertilizer business. The services we provide under the agreement include the following services, among others:

 

 

Personnel performing the actual day-to-day business and operations of the Partnership at the plant level are employed directly by the Partnership and its subsidiaries, which bear all personnel costs for these employees. We pay all compensation and benefits for our executive officers, including executive officers who perform services for the Partnership, and we are reimbursed by the managing general partner of the Partnership for a pro rata portion of such compensation and benefits based on the percentage of time each officer works for the Partnership.

 

Flood and Crude Oil Discharge

 

Overview

 

During the weekend of June 30, 2007, torrential rains in southeast Kansas caused the Verdigris River to overflow its banks and flood the city of Coffeyville. The river crested more than ten feet above flood stage, setting a new record for the river. Approximately 2,000 citizens and hundreds of homes throughout the city of Coffeyville were affected. Our refinery and the nitrogen fertilizer plant, both of which are located in close proximity to the Verdigris River, were flooded and forced to conduct emergency shutdowns and evacuate. The majority of the refinery’s process units were under four to six feet of water and portions of the refinery’s tank farms and wastewater treatment area were covered with eight to ten feet of water. As a result, the refinery and nitrogen fertilizer facilities sustained major damage and required repairs.

 

Property Damage and Lost Earnings

 

The refinery sustained damage to a large number of pumps, motors, tanks, control rooms and other buildings, electrical equipment and electronic controls and required significant clean-up in the areas surrounding the water and wastewater treatment plants. We hired nearly 1,000 extra contract workers to help repair and replace damaged equipment. The refinery started operating its reformer on August 6, 2007 and began to charge crude oil to the facility on August 9, 2007. Substantially all of the refinery’s units were in operation by August 20, 2007.

The nitrogen fertilizer facility, situated on slightly higher ground, sustained less damage than the refinery. Bringing the nitrogen fertilizer plant back on line involved replacing or repairing 30% of all electric drives, repairing 60% of the plant’s motor control centers, refurbishing 100% of distributive control systems and programmable logic controllers, and repairing the main control room. The nitrogen fertilizer facility initiated startup at its production facility on July 13, 2007.

 

The total third party cost to repair the refinery is currently estimated at approximately $85 million. In addition, we spent approximately $3.5 million to repair the nitrogen fertilizer facility in the year ended December 31, 2007, and we anticipate that all further flood-related repairs for the nitrogen fertilizer business will cost approximately $0.7 million. We will pay for all flood-related repairs for the nitrogen fertilizer facility, whether or not the Partnership’s contemplated initial public offering is consummated. We are currently uncertain how much of these amounts we will be able to recover through insurance. See “— Insurance.”

 

Crude Oil Discharge

 

Because the Verdigris River rose so rapidly during the flood, much faster than predicted, our employees had to shut down and secure the refinery in six to seven hours, rather than the 24 hours typically needed for such an effort. Despite our efforts to secure the refinery prior to its evacuation as a result of the flood, we estimate that 1,919 barrels (80,600 gallons) of crude oil and 226 barrels of crude oil fractions were discharged from our refinery into the Verdigris River flood waters beginning on or about July 1, 2007. In particular, crude oil and its fractions were released from refinery storage tanks and the refinery sewer system. Crude oil was carried by floodwaters downstream from our refinery and into residential and commercial areas.

 

In response to the crude oil discharge, on July 1, 2007 we established an incident command center and assembled a team of environmental consultants and oil spill response contractors to manage our response to the crude oil discharge.

 

 

On July 2, 2007, the EPA dispatched additional oil spill response contractors to the site with the EPA’s Mobile Command Post to monitor and coordinate pollution assessments related to the flooding and the crude oil discharge.

 

Beginning on or about July 2, 2007, the EPA’s oil spill response contractors and we began jointly conducting daily aerial overflights of the Coffeyville area and our refinery. On or about July 2, 2007, (a) crude oil from the refinery was observed to be in the flood waters surrounding the above-ground storage tanks located at our refinery, (b) oil was observed in the Verdigris River and in flood waters that had inundated a portion of the city of Coffeyville, and (c) a sheen of oil was observed in the Verdigris River extending downstream from our refinery approximately ten miles.

 

Representatives from the KDHE and the Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality have also been heavily involved in participating in the response to the oil discharge.

 

EPA Administrative Order on Consent

 

On July 10, 2007, we entered into an administrative order on consent (the “Consent Order”) with the EPA. As set forth in the Consent Order, the EPA concluded that the discharge of oil from our refinery caused

and may continue to cause an imminent and substantial threat to the public health and welfare. Pursuant to the Consent Order, we agreed to perform specified remedial actions to respond to the discharge of crude oil from our refinery.

 

Under the Consent Order, within ninety (90) days after the completion of such remedial action, we will submit to the EPA for review and approval a final report summarizing the actions taken to comply with the Consent Order. We have worked with the EPA throughout the recovery process and we could be required to reimburse the EPA’s costs under the federal Oil Pollution Act. Except as otherwise set forth in the Consent Order, the Consent Order does not limit the EPA’s rights to seek other legal, equitable or administrative relief or action as it deems appropriate and necessary against us or from requiring us to perform additional activities pursuant to applicable law. Among other things, EPA reserved the right to assess administrative penalties against us and/or to seek civil penalties against us. In addition, the Consent Order states that it is not a satisfaction of or discharge from any claim or cause of action against us or any person for any liability we or such person may have under statutes or the common law, including any claims of the United States for penalties, costs and damages.

 

We are currently remediating the contamination caused by the crude oil discharge and expect our remedial actions to continue until May 2008. Total net costs recorded as of December 31, 2007 associated with remediation and third party property damage incurred by the crude oil discharge are approximately $23.5 million. This amount is net of anticipated insurance recoveries of $21.4 million. As of December 31, 2007, we have recovered $10.0 million from our insurance carriers under our environmental policies. These amounts do not include potential fines or penalties which may be imposed by regulatory authorities or costs arising from potential natural resource damages claims (for which we are unable to estimate a range of possible costs at this time) or possible additional damages arising from class action lawsuits related to the flood.

 

Property Repurchase Program and Claims for Property Damage

 

On July 19, 2007 we commenced a program to purchase approximately 330 homes and certain other properties in connection with the flood and the crude oil discharge. We offered to purchase the property of approximately 330 residential landowners (with the consent and cooperation of the city of Coffeyville) for 110% of their pre-flood appraised value (to be established by appraisal conducted without consideration of the flood), without release or other waiver of any rights by the landowners, and without deduction for the greater harm unquestionably caused to these properties by the flood itself. As of December 31, 2007, 322 of these approximately 330 residential properties are under contract. We estimate that this program will cost approximately $17.5 million, excluding certain costs associated with remediation.

 

In addition, in early July 2007 we opened a claims center in Coffeyville and established a toll-free number to facilitate the recording and processing of claims for compensation by those who may have incurred property and other damages related to the oil discharge. Staff assisted local residents in filing claims related to the 2007 flood and crude oil discharge. We also offered a toll-free number at the claims call center which was answered 24 hours a day. Call center operators collected property owners’ information and forwarded it to claims adjustors. The claims adjustors contacted property owners to schedule appointments. Operators also directed callers to local, state and federal disaster response agencies for additional assistance. We are presently reviewing and adjusting these claims.

 

Insurance

 

During and after the time of the 2007 flood and crude oil discharge, Coffeyville Resources, LLC was insured under insurance policies that were issued by a variety of insurers and which covered various risks, such as damage to our property, interruption of our business, environmental cleanup costs, and potential liability to third parties for bodily injury or property damage. These coverages include the following:

 

 

 

Coffeyville Resources, LLC promptly notified its insurers of the flood, the crude oil discharge, and related claims and lawsuits. We are in the process of submitting our claims to, responding to information requests from, and negotiating with the insurers with respect to costs and damages related to the 2007 flood and crude oil discharge. Although each insurer has reserved its rights under various policy exclusions and limitations and has cited potential coverage defenses, we are vigorously pursuing our insurance recovery claims. We expect that ultimate recovery will be subject to negotiation and, if negotiation is unsuccessful, litigation.

 

Our insurance policies also provide coverage for interruption to the business, including lost profits, and reimbursement for other expenses and costs we have incurred relating to the damages and losses suffered. This coverage, however, applies only to losses incurred after a business interruption of 45 days. Because both the refinery and the nitrogen fertilizer plant were restored to operation within this 45-day period, it is unlikely that any of the lost profits incurred because of the flood can be claimed under insurance.

 

Financial Impact on 2007 Results

 

Total gross costs recorded due to the flood and related crude oil discharge that were included in our statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2007 were approximately $146.8 million. Of these gross costs, approximately $101.9 million were associated with repair and other matters as a result of the flood damage to our facilities. Included in this cost was $7.6 million of depreciation for temporarily idled facilities, $6.1 million of salaries, $2.2 million of professional fees and $86.0 million for other repair and related costs. There were approximately $44.9 million of costs recorded for the year ended December 31, 2007 related to the third party and property damage remediation as a result of the crude oil discharge. Total accounts receivable from insurers for flood related matters approximated $85.3 million at December 31, 2007, for which we believe collection is probable, including $11.4 million related to the crude oil discharge and $73.9 million as a result of the flood damage to our facilities.

 

As of December 31, 2007, we had received insurance proceeds of $10.0 million under our property insurance policy and an additional $10.0 million under our environmental policies related to recovery of certain costs associated with the crude oil discharge. Although we believe that we will recover substantial sums under our insurance policies, we are not sure of the ultimate amount or timing of such recovery because of the difficulty inherent in projecting the ultimate resolution of our claims. The difference between what we ultimately receive under our insurance policies compared to what has been recorded in our financial statements could be material to our financial statements. Ultimate recovery may require litigation. We could recover substantially less than our full claim.

 

Trademarks, Trade Names and Service Marks

 

This Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007 (the “Report”) includes trademarks, including the registered trademark of COFFEYVILLE RESOURCES^®, CVR Energy^TM for which we have applied for federal registration, and other trademarks. This Report also contains trademarks, service marks, copyrights and trade names of other companies.

 

The following table sets forth the names, positions and ages (as of December 31, 2007) of each person who is an executive officer of CVR Energy. We also indicate in the biographies below which executive officers of CVR Energy hold similar positions with the managing general partner of the Partnership. Senior management of CVR Energy manages the Partnership pursuant to a services agreement among us, the Partnership and the Partnership’s managing general partner.

 

 

John J. Lipinski has served as our chairman of the board since October 2007, our chief executive officer and president and a member of our board of directors since September 2006, chief executive officer and president of Coffeyville Acquisition since June 2005 and chief executive officer and president of Coffeyville Acquisition II and Coffeyville Acquisition III since October 2007. Since October 2007 Mr. Lipinski has also served as the chief executive officer, president and a director of the managing general partner of the Partnership. Mr. Lipinski has over 35 years of experience in the petroleum refining and nitrogen fertilizer industries. He began his career with Texaco Inc. In 1985, Mr. Lipinski joined The Coastal Corporation eventually serving as Vice President of Refining with overall responsibility for Coastal Corporation’s refining and petrochemical operations. Upon the merger of Coastal with El Paso Corporation in 2001, Mr. Lipinski was promoted to Executive Vice President of Refining and Chemicals, where he was responsible for all refining, petrochemical, nitrogen based chemical processing, and lubricant operations, as well as the corporate engineering and construction group. Mr. Lipinski left El Paso in 2002 and became an independent management consultant. In 2004, he became a Managing Director and Partner of Prudentia Energy, an advisory and management firm. Mr. Lipinski graduated from Stevens Institute of Technology with a Bachelor of Engineering (Chemical) and received a Juris Doctor degree from Rutgers University School of Law.

 

Stanley A. Riemann has served as chief operating officer of our company since September 2006, chief operating officer of Coffeyville Acquisition since June 2005, chief operating officer of Coffeyville Resources since February 2004 and chief operating officer of Coffeyville Acquisition II and Coffeyville Acquisition III since October 2007. Since October 2007 Mr. Riemann has also served as the chief operating officer of the managing general partner of the Partnership. Prior to joining our company in February 2004, Mr. Riemann held various positions associated with the Crop Production and Petroleum Energy Division of Farmland for over 29 years, including, most recently, Executive Vice President of Farmland and President of Farmland’s Energy and Crop Nutrient Division. In this capacity, he was directly responsible for managing the petroleum refining operation and all domestic fertilizer operations, which included the Trinidad and Tobago nitrogen fertilizer operations. His leadership also extended to managing Farmland’s interests in SF Phosphates in Rock Springs, Wyoming and Farmland Hydro, L.P., a phosphate production operation in Florida, and managing all company-wide transportation assets and services. On May 31, 2002, Farmland filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. Mr. Riemann served as a board member and board chairman on several industry organizations including the Phosphate Potash Institute, the Florida Phosphate Council, and the International Fertilizer

Association. He currently serves on the Board of The Fertilizer Institute. Mr. Riemann received a bachelor of science from the University of Nebraska and an MBA from Rockhurst University.

 

James T. Rens has served as chief financial officer and treasurer of our company since September 2006, chief financial officer and treasurer of Coffeyville Acquisition since June 2005, chief financial officer and treasurer of Coffeyville Resources since February 2004 and chief financial officer and treasurer of Coffeyville Acquisition II and Coffeyville Acquisition III since October 2007. Since October 2007 Mr. Rens has also served as chief financial officer and treasurer of the managing general partner of the Partnership. Before joining our company, Mr. Rens was a consultant to the Original Predecessor’s majority shareholder from November 2003 to March 2004, assistant controller at Koch Nitrogen Company from June 2003, which was when Koch acquired the majority of Farmland’s nitrogen fertilizer business, to November 2003 and Director of Finance of Farmland’s Crop Production and Petroleum Divisions from January 2002 to June 2003. From May 1999 to January 2002, Mr. Rens was Controller and chief financial officer of Farmland Hydro L.P. Mr. Rens has spent over 18 years in various accounting and financial positions associated with the fertilizer and energy industry. Mr. Rens received a Bachelor of Science degree in accounting from Central Missouri State University.

 

Edmund S. Gross has served as senior vice president, general counsel and secretary of our company since October 2007, senior vice president, general counsel and secretary of Coffeyville Acquisition II and Coffeyville Acquisition III since October 2007, vice president, general counsel and secretary of our company since September 2006, secretary of Coffeyville Acquisition since June 2005, and general counsel and secretary of Coffeyville Resources since July 2004. Since October 2007 Mr. Gross has also served as the senior vice president, general counsel, and secretary of the managing general partner of the Partnership. Prior to joining Coffeyville Resources, Mr. Gross was Of Counsel at Stinson Morrison Hecker LLP in Kansas City, Missouri from 2002 to 2004, was Senior Corporate Counsel with Farmland Industries, Inc. from 1987 to 2002 and was an associate and later a partner at Weeks, Thomas & Lysaught, a law firm in Kansas City, Kansas, from 1980 to 1987. Mr. Gross received a Bachelor of Arts degree in history from Tulane University, a Juris Doctor from the University of Kansas and an MBA from the University of Kansas.

 

Daniel J. Daly, Jr. has been our Executive Vice President, Strategy since December 2007 and our Senior Vice President, Accounting and Controls, since June 2005. From December 2004 to June 2005 Mr. Daly was self-employed as a consultant in mergers & acquisitions. From 1978 to 2001 Mr. Daly worked at Coastal Corporation, first as Manager of Transportation and Supply Operations and then as Controller, Refining Division and Vice President and Controller, Refining and Marketing. Following the merger of Coastal with El Paso in 2001, Mr. Daly served as Vice President and Controller of Tosco Corporation from January 2001 to December 2001. Mr. Daly received a B.S. in Commerce from St. Louis University.

 

Robert W. Haugen joined our business on June 24, 2005 and has served as executive vice president, refining operations at our company since September 2006 and as executive vice president — engineering & construction at Coffeyville Resources, LLC since June 24, 2005. Since October 2007 Mr. Haugen has also served as executive vice president, refining operations at Coffeyville Acquisition LLC and Coffeyville Acquisition II LLC. Mr. Haugen brings 25 years of experience in the refining, petrochemical and nitrogen fertilizer business to our company. Prior to joining us, Mr. Haugen was a Managing Director and Partner of Prudentia Energy, an advisory and management firm focused on mid-stream/downstream energy sectors, from January 2004 to June 2005. On leave from Prudentia, he served as the Senior Oil Consultant to the Iraqi Reconstruction Management Office for the U.S. Department of State. Prior to joining Prudentia Energy, Mr. Haugen served in numerous engineering, operations, marketing and management positions at the Howell Corporation and at the Coastal Corporation. Upon the merger of Coastal and El Paso in 2001, Mr. Haugen was named Vice President and General Manager for the Coastal Corpus Christi Refinery, and later held the positions of Vice President of Chemicals and Vice President of Engineering and Construction. Mr. Haugen received a B.S. in Chemical Engineering from the University of Texas.

 

Wyatt E. Jernigan has served as executive vice president, crude oil acquisition and petroleum marketing at our company since September 2006 and as executive vice president — crude & feedstocks at Coffeyville Resources, LLC since June 24, 2005. Since October 2007 Mr. Jernigan has also served as executive vice

president, crude oil acquisition and petroleum marketing at Coffeyville Acquisition LLC and Coffeyville Acquisition II LLC. Mr. Jernigan has 30 years of experience in the areas of crude oil and petroleum products related to trading, marketing, logistics and business development. Most recently, Mr. Jernigan was Managing Director with Prudentia Energy, an advisory and management firm focused on mid-stream/downstream energy sectors, from January 2004 to June 2005. Most of his career was spent with Coastal Corporation and El Paso, where he held several positions in crude oil supply, petroleum marketing and asset development, both domestic and international. Following the merger between Coastal Corporation and El Paso in 2001, Mr. Jernigan assumed the role of Managing Director for Petroleum Markets Originations. Mr. Jernigan attended Virginia Wesleyan College, majoring in Sociology, and has training in petroleum fundamentals from the University of Texas.

 

Kevan A. Vick has served as executive vice president and fertilizer general manager at our company since September 2006, senior vice president at Coffeyville Resources Nitrogen Fertilizers, LLC since February 27, 2004 and executive vice president and fertilizer general manager of Coffeyville Acquisition III since October 2007. Since October 2007 Mr. Vick has also served as executive vice president and fertilizer general manager of the managing general partner of the Partnership. He has served on the board of directors of Farmland MissChem Limited in Trinidad and SF Phosphates. He has nearly 30 years of experience in the Farmland organization and is one of the most highly respected executives in the nitrogen fertilizer industry, known for both his technical expertise and his in-depth knowledge of the commercial marketplace. Prior to joining Coffeyville Resources LLC, he was general manager of nitrogen manufacturing at Farmland from January 2001 to February 2004. Mr. Vick received a bachelor of science in chemical engineering from the University of Kansas and is a licensed professional engineer in Kansas, Oklahoma, and Iowa.

 

Christopher G. Swanberg has served as vice president, environmental, health and safety at our company since September 2006, as vice president, environmental, health and safety at Coffeyville Resources since June 2005 and as vice president, environmental, health and safety at Coffeyville Acquisition II and Coffeyville Acquisition III since October 2007. Since October 2007 Mr. Swanberg has also served as vice president, environmental, health and safety at the managing general partner of the Partnership. He has served in numerous management positions in the petroleum refining industry such as Manager, Environmental Affairs for the refining and marketing division of Atlantic Richfield Company (ARCO), and Manager, Regulatory and Legislative Affairs for Lyondell-Citgo Refining. Mr. Swanberg’s experience includes technical and management assignments in project, facility and corporate staff positions in all environmental, safety and health areas. Prior to joining Coffeyville Resources, he was Vice President of Sage Environmental Consulting, an environmental consulting firm focused on petroleum refining and petrochemicals, from September 2002 to June 2005 and Senior HSE Advisor of Pilko & Associates, LP from September 2000 to September 2002. Mr. Swanberg received a B.S. in Environmental Engineering Technology from Western Kentucky University and an MBA from the University of Tulsa.

 

You should carefully consider each of the following risks together with the other information contained in this Report and all of the information set forth in our filings with the SEC. If any of the following risks and uncertainties develops into actual events, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected.

 

Risks Related to Our Petroleum Business

 

Volatile margins in the refining industry may cause volatility or a decline in our future results of operations and decrease our cash flow.

 

Our petroleum business’ financial results are primarily affected by the relationship, or margin, between refined product prices and the prices for crude oil and other feedstocks. Future volatility in refining industry margins may cause volatility or a decline in our results of operations, since the margin between refined product prices and feedstock prices may decrease below the amount needed for us to generate net cash flow sufficient for our needs. Although an increase or decrease in the price for crude oil generally results in a similar increase or decrease in prices for refined products, there is normally a time lag in the realization of the similar increase or decrease in prices for refined products. The effect of changes in crude oil prices on our results of operations therefore depends in part on how quickly and how fully refined product prices adjust to reflect these changes. A substantial or prolonged increase in crude oil prices without a corresponding increase in refined product prices, or a substantial or prolonged decrease in refined product prices without a corresponding decrease in crude oil prices, could have a significant negative impact on our earnings, results of operations and cash flows.

 

If we are required to obtain our crude oil supply without the benefit of our credit intermediation agreement, our exposure to the risks associated with volatile crude prices may increase and our liquidity may be reduced.

 

We currently obtain the majority of our crude oil supply through a crude oil credit intermediation agreement with J. Aron, which minimizes the amount of in transit inventory and mitigates crude pricing risks by ensuring pricing takes place extremely close to the time when the crude is refined and the yielded products are sold. In the event this agreement is terminated or is not renewed prior to expiration we may be unable to obtain similar services from another party at the same or better terms as our existing agreement. The current credit intermediation agreement expires on December 31, 2008 and will automatically extend for an additional one year term unless either party elects not to extend the agreement. Further, if we were required to obtain our crude oil supply without the benefit of an intermediation agreement, our exposure to crude pricing risks may increase, even despite any hedging activity in which we may engage, and our liquidity would be negatively impacted due to the increased inventory and the negative impact of market volatility.

 

Disruption of our ability to obtain an adequate supply of crude oil could reduce our liquidity and increase our costs.

 

Our refinery requires approximately 89,000 bpd of crude oil in addition to the light sweet crude oil we gather locally in Kansas and northern Oklahoma. We obtain a significant amount of our non-gathered crude oil, approximately 22% in 2007, from foreign sources such as Latin America, South America, the Middle East, West Africa, Canada and the North Sea. We are subject to the political, geographic, and economic risks attendant to doing business with suppliers located in those regions. Disruption of production in any of such regions for any reason could have a material impact on other regions and our business. In the event that one or more of our traditional suppliers becomes unavailable to us, we may be unable to obtain an adequate supply of crude oil, or we may only be able to obtain our crude oil supply at unfavorable prices. As a result, we may experience a reduction in our liquidity and our results of operations could be materially adversely affected.

 

Severe weather, including hurricanes along the U.S. Gulf Coast, could interrupt our supply of crude oil. For example, the hurricane season in 2005 produced a record number of named storms, including hurricanes Katrina and Rita. The location and intensity of these storms caused extreme amounts of damage to both crude

and natural gas production as well as extensive disruption to many U.S. Gulf Coast refinery operations, although we believe that substantially most of this refining capacity has been restored. These events caused both price spikes in the commodity markets as well as substantial increases in crack spreads. Supplies of crude oil to our refinery are periodically shipped from U.S. Gulf Coast production or terminal facilities, including through the Seaway Pipeline from the U.S. Gulf Coast to Cushing, Oklahoma. U.S. Gulf Coast facilities could be subject to damage or production interruption from hurricanes or other severe weather in the future which could interrupt or materially adversely affect our crude oil supply. If our supply of crude oil is interrupted, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely impacted.

 

Our profitability is linked to the light/heavy and sweet/sour crude oil price spreads. A decrease in either of the spreads would negatively impact our profitability.

 

Our profitability is linked to the price spreads between light and heavy crude oil and sweet and sour crude oil within our plant capabilities. We prefer to refine heavier sour crude oils because they have historically provided wider refining margins than light sweet crude. Accordingly, any tightening of the light/heavy or sweet/sour spreads could reduce our profitability. Crude oil prices may not remain at current levels and the light/heavy or sweet/sour spread may decline, which could result in a decline in profitability or operating losses.

 

The new and redesigned equipment in our facilities may not perform according to expectations, which may cause unexpected maintenance and downtime and could have a negative effect on our future results of operations and financial condition.

 

During 2007 we upgraded all of the units in our refinery by installing new equipment and redesigning older equipment to improve refinery capacity. The installation and redesign of key equipment involves significant risks and uncertainties, including the following:

 

 

In the second half of 2007 we also repaired certain of our equipment as a result of the flood. This repaired equipment is subject to similar risks and uncertainties as described above. Any of these risks associated with new equipment, redesigned older equipment, or repaired equipment could lead to lower revenues or higher costs or otherwise have a negative impact on our future results of operations and financial condition.

 

If our access to the pipelines on which we rely for the supply of our feedstock and the distribution of our products is interrupted, our inventory and costs may increase and we may be unable to efficiently distribute our products.

 

If one of the pipelines on which we rely for supply of our crude oil becomes inoperative, we would be required to obtain crude oil for our refinery through an alternative pipeline or from additional tanker trucks, which could increase our costs and result in lower production levels and profitability. Similarly, if a major refined fuels pipeline becomes inoperative, we would be required to keep refined fuels in inventory or supply refined fuels to our customers through an alternative pipeline or by additional tanker trucks from the refinery, which could increase our costs and result in a decline in profitability.

Our petroleum business’ financial results are seasonal and generally lower in the first and fourth quarters of the year, which may cause volatility in the price of our common stock.

 

Demand for gasoline products is generally higher during the summer months than during the winter months due to seasonal increases in highway traffic and road construction work. As a result, our results of operations for the first and fourth calendar quarters are generally lower than for those for the second and third quarters, which may cause volatility in the price of our common stock. Further, reduced agricultural work during the winter months somewhat depresses demand for diesel fuel in the winter months. In addition to the overall seasonality of our business, unseasonably cool weather in the summer months and/or unseasonably warm weather in the winter months in the markets in which we sell our petroleum products could have the effect of reducing demand for gasoline and diesel fuel which could result in lower prices and reduce operating margins.

 

We face significant competition, both within and outside of our industry. Competitors who produce their own supply of feedstocks, have extensive retail outlets, make alternative fuels or have greater financial resources than we do may have a competitive advantage over us.

 

The refining industry is highly competitive with respect to both feedstock supply and refined product markets. We may be unable to compete effectively with our competitors within and outside of our industry, which could result in reduced profitability. We compete with numerous other companies for available supplies of crude oil and other feedstocks and for outlets for our refined products. We are not engaged in the petroleum exploration and production business and therefore we do not produce any of our crude oil feedstocks. We do not have a retail business and therefore are dependent upon others for outlets for our refined products. We do not have any long-term arrangements for much of our output. Many of our competitors in the United States as a whole, and one of our regional competitors, obtain significant portions of their feedstocks from company-owned production and have extensive retail outlets. Competitors that have their own production or extensive retail outlets with brand-name recognition are at times able to offset losses from refining operations with profits from producing or retailing operations, and may be better positioned to withstand periods of depressed refining margins or feedstock shortages.

 

A number of our competitors also have materially greater financial and other resources than us, providing them the ability to add incremental capacity in environments of high crack spreads. These competitors have a greater ability to bear the economic risks inherent in all phases of the refining industry. An expansion or upgrade of our competitors’ facilities, price volatility, international political and economic developments and other factors are likely to continue to play an important role in refining industry economics and may add additional competitive pressure on us.

 

In addition, we compete with other industries that provide alternative means to satisfy the energy and fuel requirements of our industrial, commercial and individual consumers. The more successful these alternatives become as a result of governmental regulations, technological advances, consumer demand, improved pricing or otherwise, the greater the impact on pricing and demand for our products and our profitability. There are presently significant governmental and consumer pressures to increase the use of alternative fuels in the United States.

 

Environmental laws and regulations will require us to make substantial capital expenditures in the future.

 

Current or future federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations could cause us to spend substantial amounts to install controls or make operational changes to comply with environmental requirements. In addition, future environmental laws and regulations, or new interpretations of existing laws or regulations, could limit our ability to market and sell our products to end users. Any such future environmental laws or governmental regulations could have a material impact on the results of our operations.

 

In March 2004, we entered into a Consent Decree with the EPA and KDHE to address certain allegations of Clean Air Act violations by Farmland at the Coffeyville oil refinery in order to reduce environmental risks and liabilities going forward. The overall costs of complying with the Consent Decree over the next four years are expected to be approximately $41 million. To date, we have met all deadlines and requirements of the Consent Decree and we have not had to pay any stipulated penalties, which are required to be paid for failure

to comply with various terms and conditions of the Consent Decree. Availability of equipment and technology performance, as well as EPA interpretations of provisions of the Consent Decree that differ from ours, could have a material adverse effect on our ability to meet the requirements imposed by the Consent Decree.

 

We will incur capital expenditures over the next several years in order to comply with regulations under the federal Clean Air Act establishing stringent low sulfur content specifications for our petroleum products, including the Tier II gasoline standards, as well as regulations with respect to on- and off-road diesel fuel, which are designed to reduce air emissions from the use of these products. In February 2004, the EPA granted us a “hardship waiver,” which will require us to meet final low sulfur Tier II gasoline standards by January 1, 2011. Compliance with the Tier II gasoline standards and on-road diesel standards required us to spend approximately $133 million during 2006 and approximately $103 million during 2007, and we estimate that compliance will require us to spend approximately $69 million between 2008 and 2010. Changes in these laws or interpretations thereof could result in significantly greater expenditures.

 

Changes in our credit profile may affect our relationship with our suppliers, which could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity.

 

Changes in our credit profile may affect the way crude oil suppliers view our ability to make payments and may induce them to shorten the payment terms of their invoices. Given the large dollar amounts and volume of our feedstock purchases, a change in payment terms may have a material adverse effect on our liquidity and our ability to make payments to our suppliers.

 

We may have additional capital needs for which our internally generated cash flows and other sources of liquidity may not be adequate.

 

If we cannot generate cash flow or otherwise secure sufficient liquidity to support our short-term and long-term capital requirements, we may be unable to comply with certain environmental standards or pursue our business strategies, in which case our operations may not perform as well as we currently expect. We have substantial short-term and long-term capital needs, including capital expenditures we are required to make to comply with Tier II gasoline standards, on-road diesel regulations, off-road diesel regulations and the Consent Decree. Our short-term working capital needs are primarily crude oil purchase requirements, which fluctuate with the pricing and sourcing of crude oil. We also have significant long-term needs for cash, including deferred payments owed under derivative contracts we have entered into with J. Aron and debt repayment obligations. We currently estimate that mandatory capital and turnaround expenditures, excluding the non-recurring capital expenditures required to comply with Tier II gasoline standards, on-road diesel regulations, off-road diesel regulations and the Consent Decree described above, will average approximately $47 million per year over the next five years.

 

Risks Related to the Nitrogen Fertilizer Business

 

The nitrogen fertilizer business may not have sufficient cash to enable it to make quarterly distributions to us following the payment of expenses and fees and the establishment of cash reserves.

 

The nitrogen fertilizer business may not have sufficient cash each quarter to enable it to pay the minimum quarterly distribution or any distributions to us. The amount of cash the nitrogen fertilizer business can distribute on its units principally depends on the amount of cash it generates from its operations, which is primarily dependent upon the nitrogen fertilizer business selling quantities of nitrogen fertilizer at margins that are high enough to cover its fixed and variable expenses. The nitrogen fertilizer business’ costs, the prices it charges its customers, its level of production and, accordingly, the cash it generates from operations, will fluctuate from quarter to quarter based on, among other things, overall demand for its nitrogen fertilizer products, the level of foreign and domestic production of nitrogen fertilizer products by others, the extent of government regulation and overall economic and local market conditions. In addition:

 

 

 

The amount of cash the nitrogen fertilizer business has available for distribution to us depends primarily on its cash flow and not solely on its profitability. If the nitrogen fertilizer business has insufficient cash to cover intended distribution payments, it would need to reduce or eliminate distributions to us or, to the extent permitted under agreements governing indebtedness that the nitrogen fertilizer business may incur in the future, fund a portion of its distributions with borrowings.

 

The amount of cash the nitrogen fertilizer business has available for distribution depends primarily on its cash flow, including working capital borrowings, and not solely on profitability, which will be affected by non-cash items. As a result, the nitrogen fertilizer business may make cash distributions during periods when it records losses and may not make cash distributions during periods when it records net income.

 

If the nitrogen fertilizer business does not have sufficient cash to cover intended distribution payments, it would either reduce or eliminate distributions or, to the extent permitted to do so under any revolving line of credit or other debt facility that the nitrogen fertilizer business may enter into in the future, fund a portion of its distributions with borrowings. If the nitrogen fertilizer business were to use borrowings under a revolving line of credit or other debt facility to fund distributions, it would have less cash available for future distributions and other purposes, including the funding of its ongoing expenses, its indebtedness levels would increase and its ongoing debt service requirements would increase. This could negatively impact the nitrogen fertilizer business’ financial condition, results of operations, ability to pursue its business strategy and ability to make future quarterly distributions. We cannot assure you that borrowings would be available to the nitrogen fertilizer business under a revolving line of credit or other debt facility to fund distributions.

 

The nitrogen fertilizer plant has high fixed costs. If nitrogen fertilizer product prices fall below a certain level, which could be caused by a reduction in the price of natural gas, the nitrogen fertilizer business may not generate sufficient revenue to operate profitably or cover its costs.

 

The nitrogen fertilizer plant has high fixed costs as discussed in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Major Influences on Results of Operations — Nitrogen Fertilizer Business.” As a result, downtime or low productivity due to reduced demand, interruptions because of adverse weather conditions, equipment failures, low prices for nitrogen fertilizer products or other causes can result in significant operating losses. Unlike its competitors, whose primary costs are related to the purchase of natural gas and whose fixed costs are minimal, the nitrogen fertilizer business has high fixed costs not dependent on the price of natural gas. We have no control over natural gas prices, which can be highly volatile. A decline in natural gas prices generally has the effect of reducing the base sale price for nitrogen fertilizer products in the market generally while the nitrogen fertilizer business’ fixed costs will remain

substantially unchanged by the decline in natural gas prices. Any decline in the price of nitrogen fertilizer products could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and the ability of the nitrogen fertilizer business to make cash distributions.

 

The nitrogen fertilizer business is cyclical and volatile, which exposes us to potentially significant fluctuations in our financial condition, cash flows and results of operations, which could result in volatility in the price of our common stock or an inability of the nitrogen fertilizer business to make quarterly distributions.

 

A significant portion of nitrogen fertilizer product sales consists of sales of agricultural commodity products, exposing us to fluctuations in supply and demand in the agricultural industry. These fluctuations historically have had and could in the future have significant effects on prices across all nitrogen fertilizer products and, in turn, the nitrogen fertilizer business’ financial condition, cash flows and results of operations, which could result in significant volatility in the price of our common stock or an inability of the nitrogen fertilizer business to make distributions to us. Nitrogen fertilizer products are commodities, the price of which can be volatile. The prices of nitrogen fertilizer products depend on a number of factors, including general economic conditions, cyclical trends in end-user markets, supply and demand imbalances, and weather conditions, which have a greater relevance because of the seasonal nature of fertilizer application. If seasonal demand exceeds the projections of the nitrogen fertilizer business, its customers may acquire nitrogen fertilizer from its competitors, and the profitability of the nitrogen fertilizer business will be negatively impacted. If seasonal demand is less than expected, the nitrogen fertilizer business will be left with excess inventory that will have to be stored or liquidated. Demand for fertilizer products is dependent, in part, on demand for crop nutrients by the global agricultural industry. Nitrogen-based fertilizers are currently in high demand, driven by a growing world population, changes in dietary habits and an expanded use of corn for the production of ethanol. Supply is affected by available capacity and operating rates, raw material costs, government policies and global trade. In the past, periods of high demand, high capacity utilization, and increasing operating margins have tended, in light of the low technological barriers to entry to the nitrogen fertilizer production market, to result in new plant investment and increased production until supply exceeds demand, followed by periods of declining prices and declining capacity utilization until the cycle is repeated. The prices for nitrogen fertilizers are currently extremely high. Nitrogen fertilizer prices may not remain at current levels and could fall, perhaps materially. A decrease in nitrogen fertilizer prices would have a material adverse effect on our business, cash flow and the ability of the nitrogen fertilizer business to make quarterly distributions.

 

Nitrogen fertilizer products are global commodities, and the nitrogen fertilizer business faces intense competition from other nitrogen fertilizer producers.

 

The nitrogen fertilizer business is subject to intense price competition from both U.S. and foreign sources, including competitors operating in the Persian Gulf, the Asia-Pacific region, the Caribbean, Russia and Ukraine. Fertilizers are global commodities, with little or no product differentiation, and customers make their purchasing decisions principally on the basis of delivered price and availability of the product. The nitrogen fertilizer business competes with a number of U.S. producers and producers in other countries, including state-owned and government-subsidized entities. The United States and the European Union each have trade regulatory measures in effect that are designed to address this type of unfair trade, but there is no guarantee that such trade regulatory measures will continue. Changes in these measures could have a material adverse impact on the sales and profitability of the particular products involved. Some competitors have greater total resources and are less dependent on earnings from fertilizer sales, which makes them less vulnerable to industry downturns and better positioned to pursue new expansion and development opportunities. Competitors utilizing different corporate structures may be better able to withstand lower cash flows than the Partnership can as a limited partnership. In addition, recent consolidation in the fertilizer industry has increased the resources of several competitors. In light of this industry consolidation, our competitive position could suffer to the extent the nitrogen fertilizer business is not able to expand its own resources either through investments in new or existing operations or through acquisitions, joint ventures or partnerships. In addition, if natural gas prices in the United States were to decline to a level that prompts those U.S. producers who have previously closed production facilities to resume fertilizer production, this would likely contribute to a global supply/

demand imbalance that could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and the ability of the nitrogen fertilizer business to make cash distributions. An inability to compete successfully could result in the loss of customers, which could adversely affect our sales and profitability.

 

Adverse weather conditions during peak fertilizer application periods may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and the ability of the nitrogen fertilizer business to make cash distributions, because the agricultural customers of the nitrogen fertilizer business are geographically concentrated.

 

Sales of nitrogen fertilizer products by the nitrogen fertilizer business to agricultural customers are concentrated in the Great Plains and Midwest states and are seasonal in nature. For example, the nitrogen fertilizer business generates greater net sales and operating income in the spring. Accordingly, an adverse weather pattern affecting agriculture in these regions or during this season could have a negative effect on fertilizer demand, which could, in turn, result in a material decline in our net sales and margins and otherwise have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and the ability of the nitrogen fertilizer business to make cash distributions. Our quarterly results may vary significantly from one year to the next due primarily to weather-related shifts in planting schedules and purchase patterns.

 

The nitrogen fertilizer business’ results of operations, financial condition and ability to make cash distributions may be adversely affected by the supply and price levels of pet coke and other essential raw materials.

 

Pet coke is a key raw material used by the nitrogen fertilizer business in the manufacture of nitrogen fertilizer products. Increases in the price of pet coke could have a material adverse effect on the nitrogen fertilizer business’ results of operations, financial condition and ability to make cash distributions. Moreover, if pet coke prices increase the nitrogen fertilizer business may not be able to increase its prices to recover increased pet coke costs, because market prices for the nitrogen fertilizer business’ nitrogen fertilizer products are generally correlated with natural gas prices, the primary raw material used by competitors of the nitrogen fertilizer business, and not pet coke prices. Based on the nitrogen fertilizer business’ current output, the nitrogen fertilizer business obtains most (over 75% on average during the last four years) of the pet coke it needs from our adjacent oil refinery, and procures the remainder on the open market. The nitrogen fertilizer business’ competitors are not subject to changes in pet coke prices. The nitrogen fertilizer business is sensitive to fluctuations in the price of pet coke on the open market. Pet coke prices could significantly increase in the future. The nitrogen fertilizer business might also be unable to find alternative suppliers to make up for any reduction in the amount of pet coke it obtains from our oil refinery.

 

In addition, the nitrogen fertilizer business relies on the air separation plant owned by Linde to provide oxygen, nitrogen and compressed dry air to the nitrogen fertilizer plant’s gasifier. This air separation plant has experienced numerous momentary interruptions, thereby causing interruptions in the gasifier operations. The operations of the nitrogen fertilizer business require a reliable supply of raw materials. A disruption of its supply could prevent it from producing its products at current levels and its reputation, customer relationships, results of operations and cash flow could be materially harmed.

 

The nitrogen fertilizer business may not be able to maintain an adequate supply of pet coke and other essential raw materials. In addition, the nitrogen fertilizer business could experience production delays or cost increases if alternative sources of supply prove to be more expensive or difficult to obtain. If raw material costs were to increase, or if the nitrogen fertilizer plant were to experience an extended interruption in the supply of raw materials, including pet coke, to its production facilities, the nitrogen fertilizer business could lose sale opportunities, damage its relationships with or lose customers, suffer lower margins, and experience other material adverse effects to its results of operations, financial condition and ability to make cash distributions.

Ammonia can be very volatile and dangerous. Any liability for accidents involving ammonia that cause severe damage to property and/or injury to the environment and human health could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and the ability of the nitrogen fertilizer business to make cash distributions. In addition, the costs of transporting ammonia could increase significantly in the future.

 

The nitrogen fertilizer business manufactures, processes, stores, handles, distributes and transports ammonia, which can be very volatile and dangerous. Accidents, releases or mishandling involving ammonia could cause severe damage or injury to property, the environment and human health, as well as a possible disruption of supplies and markets. Such an event could result in lawsuits, fines, penalties and regulatory enforcement proceedings, all of which could lead to significant liabilities. Any damage to persons, equipment or property or other disruption of the ability of the nitrogen fertilizer business to produce or distribute its products could result in a significant decrease in operating revenues and significant additional cost to replace or repair and insure its assets, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and the ability of the nitrogen fertilizer business to make cash distributions. The nitrogen fertilizer business experienced an ammonia release most recently in August 2007. In addition, the nitrogen fertilizer business may incur significant losses or costs relating to the operation of railcars used for the purpose of carrying various products, including ammonia.

 

Given the risks inherent in transporting ammonia, the costs of transporting ammonia could increase significantly in the future. Ammonia is typically transported by railcar. A number of initiatives are underway in the railroad and chemical industries that may result in changes to railcar design in order to minimize railway accidents involving hazardous materials. If any such design changes are implemented, or if accidents involving hazardous freight increases the insurance and other costs of railcars, freight costs of the nitrogen fertilizer business could significantly increase.

 

The nitrogen fertilizer business operations are dependent on third-party suppliers. Failure by key suppliers of oxygen, nitrogen and electricity to perform in accordance with their contractual obligations may have a negative effect upon our results of operations and financial condition and the ability of the nitrogen fertilizer business to make cash distributions.

 

The nitrogen fertilizer operations depend in large part on the performance of third-party suppliers, including Linde for the supply of oxygen and nitrogen and the city of Coffeyville for the supply of electricity. The contract with Linde extends through 2020 and the electricity contract extends through 2019. Should these suppliers fail to perform in accordance with the existing contractual arrangements, the nitrogen fertilizer business’ operations would be forced to a halt. Alternative sources of supply of oxygen, nitrogen or electricity could be difficult to obtain. Any shutdown of operations at the nitrogen fertilizer business even for a limited period could have a material negative impact on our results of operations, financial condition and the ability of the nitrogen fertilizer business to make cash distributions.

 

The nitrogen fertilizer business relies on third party providers of transportation services and equipment, which subjects us to risks and uncertainties beyond our control that may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and the ability of the nitrogen fertilizer business to make cash distributions.

 

The nitrogen fertilizer business relies on railroad and trucking companies to ship nitrogen fertilizer products to its customers. The nitrogen fertilizer business also leases rail cars from rail car owners in order to ship its products. These transportation operations, equipment, and services are subject to various hazards, including extreme weather conditions, work stoppages, delays, spills, derailments and other accidents and other operating hazards.

 

These transportation operations, equipment and services are also subject to environmental, safety, and regulatory oversight. Due to concerns related to terrorism or accidents, local, state and federal governments could implement new regulations affecting the transportation of the nitrogen fertilizers business’ finished products. In addition, new regulations could be implemented affecting the equipment used to ship its finished products.

Any delay in the nitrogen fertilizer businesses’ ability to ship its products as a result of these transportation companies’ failure to operate properly, the implementation of new and more stringent regulatory requirements affecting transportation operations or equipment, or significant increases in the cost of these services or equipment, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and the ability of the nitrogen fertilizer business to make cash distributions.

 

Environmental laws and regulations on fertilizer end-use and application could have a material adverse impact on fertilizer demand in the future.

 

Future environmental laws and regulations on the end-use and application of fertilizers could cause changes in demand for the nitrogen fertilizer business’ products. In addition, future environmental laws and regulations, or new interpretations of existing laws or regulations, could limit the ability of the nitrogen fertilizer business to market and sell its products to end users. From time to time, various state legislatures have proposed bans or other limitations on fertilizer products. Any such future laws or regulations, or new interpretations of existing laws or regulations, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and the ability of the nitrogen fertilizer business to make cash distributions.

 

A major factor underlying the current high level of demand for the nitrogen fertilizer business’ nitrogen-based fertilizer products is the expanding production of ethanol. A decrease in ethanol production, an increase in ethanol imports or a shift away from corn as a principal raw material used to produce ethanol could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and the ability of the nitrogen fertilizer business to make cash distributions.

 

A major factor underlying the current high level of demand for the nitrogen fertilizer business’ nitrogen-based fertilizer products is the expanding production of ethanol in the United States and the expanded use of corn in ethanol production. Ethanol production in the United States is highly dependent upon a myriad of federal and state legislation and regulations, and is made significantly more competitive by various federal and state incentives. Such incentive programs may not be renewed, or if renewed, they may be renewed on terms significantly less favorable to ethanol producers than current incentive programs. Recent studies showing that expanded ethanol production may increase the level of greenhouse gases in the environment may reduce political support for ethanol production. The elimination or significant reduction in ethanol incentive programs could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and the ability of the nitrogen fertilizer business to make cash distributions.

 

Imported ethanol is generally subject to a $0.54 per gallon tariff and a 2.5% ad valorem tax. This tariff is set to expire on December 31, 2008. This tariff may not be renewed, or if renewed, it may be renewed on terms significantly less favorable for domestic ethanol production than current incentive programs. We do not know the extent to which the volume of imports would increase or the effect on U.S. prices for ethanol if the tariff is not renewed beyond its current expiration. The elimination of tariffs on imported ethanol may negatively impact the demand for domestic ethanol, which could lower U.S. corn and other grain production and thereby have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and the ability of the nitrogen fertilizer business to make cash distributions.

 

Most ethanol is currently produced from corn and other raw grains, such as milo or sorghum — especially in the Midwest. The current trend in ethanol production research is to develop an efficient method of producing ethanol from cellulose-based biomass, such as agricultural waste, forest residue, municipal solid waste and energy crops (plants grown for use to make biofuels or directly exploited for the energy content). This trend is driven by the fact that cellulose-based biomass is generally cheaper than corn, and producing ethanol from cellulose-based biomass would create opportunities to produce ethanol in areas that are unable to grow corn. Although current technology is not sufficiently efficient to be competitive, new conversion technologies may be developed in the future. If an efficient method of producing ethanol from cellulose-based biomass is developed, the demand for corn may decrease, which could reduce demand for the nitrogen fertilizer business’ nitrogen fertilizers, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and the ability of the nitrogen fertilizer business to make cash distributions.

The location of the nitrogen fertilizer business’ plant provides a transportation cost advantage over many of its competitors. However, there is no assurance that competitors’ transportation costs will not decline, reducing the nitrogen fertilizer business’ price advantage.

 

The nitrogen fertilizer plant is located within the U.S. farm belt, where the majority of the end users of nitrogen fertilizer products in the United States grow their crops. Accordingly, the nitrogen fertilizer business currently has a transportation cost advantage over many of its competitors, who produce fertilizer outside of this region and incur greater costs in transporting their products over longer distances via ships and pipelines. There can be no assurance that competitors’ transportation costs will not decline or that additional pipelines will not be built, lowering the price at which the nitrogen fertilizer business’ competitors can sell their products, which would have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and the ability of the nitrogen fertilizer business to make cash distributions.

 

Risks Related to Our Entire Business

 

Our refinery and nitrogen fertilizer facilities face operating hazards and interruptions, including unscheduled maintenance or downtime. We could face potentially significant costs to the extent these hazards or interruptions are not fully covered by our existing insurance coverage. Insurance companies that currently insure companies in the energy industry may cease to do so or may substantially increase premiums in the future.

 

Our operations, located primarily in a single location, are subject to significant operating hazards and interruptions. If any of our facilities, including our refinery and the Partnership’s nitrogen fertilizer plant, experiences a major accident or fire, is damaged by severe weather, flooding or other natural disaster, or is otherwise forced to curtail its operations or shut down, we could incur significant losses which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and the ability of the nitrogen fertilizer business to make cash distributions. In addition, a major accident, fire, flood, crude oil discharge or other event could damage our facilities or the environment and the surrounding community or result in injuries or loss of life. For example, the flood that occurred during the weekend of June 30, 2007 shut down our refinery for seven weeks, shut down the nitrogen fertilizer business’ facility for approximately two weeks and required significant expenditures to repair damaged equipment.

 

If our facilities experience a major accident or fire or other event or an interruption in supply or operations, our business could be materially adversely affected if the damage or liability exceeds the amounts of business interruption, property, terrorism and other insurance that we benefit from or maintain against these risks and successfully collect. As required under our existing credit facility, we maintain property and business interruption insurance capped at $1.25 billion which is subject to various deductibles and sub-limits for particular types of coverage (e.g., $300 million for a loss caused by flood). In the event of a business interruption, we would not be entitled to recover our losses until the interruption exceeds 45 days in the aggregate. We are fully exposed to losses in excess of this dollar cap and the various sub-limits, or business interruption losses that occur in the 45 days of our deductible period. These losses may be material. For example, a substantial portion of our lost revenue caused by the business interruption following the flood that occurred during the weekend of June 30, 2007 cannot be claimed because it was lost within 45 days of the start of the flood.

 

If our refinery is forced to curtail its operations or shut down due to hazards or interruptions like those described above, we will still be obligated to make any required payments to J. Aron under certain swap agreements we entered into in June 2005 (as amended, the “Cash Flow Swap”). We will be required to make payments under the Cash Flow Swap if crack spreads rise above a certain level. Such payments could have a material adverse impact on our financial results if, as a result of a disruption to our operations, we are unable to sustain sufficient revenues from which we can make such payments.

 

The energy industry is highly capital intensive, and the entire or partial loss of individual facilities can result in significant costs to both industry participants, such as us, and their insurance carriers. In recent years, several large energy industry claims have resulted in significant increases in the level of premium costs and deductible periods for participants in the energy industry. For example, during 2005, Hurricanes Katrina and Rita caused significant damage to several petroleum refineries along the U.S. Gulf Coast, in addition to

numerous oil and gas production facilities and pipelines in that region. As a result of large energy industry claims, insurance companies that have historically participated in underwriting energy related facilities could discontinue that practice, or demand significantly higher premiums or deductibles to cover these facilities. Although we currently maintain significant amounts of insurance, insurance policies are subject to annual renewal. If significant changes in the number or financial solvency of insurance underwriters for the energy industry occur, we may be unable to obtain and maintain adequate insurance at a reasonable cost or we might need to significantly increase our retained exposures.

 

Our refinery consists of a number of processing units, many of which have been in operation for a number of years. One or more of the units may require unscheduled down time for unanticipated maintenance or repairs on a more frequent basis than our scheduled turnaround of every three to four years for each unit, or our planned turnarounds may last longer than anticipated. The nitrogen fertilizer business’ nitrogen fertilizer plant, or individual units within the plant, will require scheduled or unscheduled downtime for maintenance or repairs. In general, the facility requires scheduled turnaround maintenance every two years and the next scheduled turnaround is currently expected to occur in the third quarter of 2008. Scheduled and unscheduled maintenance could reduce net income and cash flow during the period of time that any of our units are not operating.

 

We may not recover all of the costs we have incurred or expect to incur in connection with the flood and crude oil discharge that occurred at our refinery in June/July 2007.

 

We have incurred and will continue to incur significant costs with respect to facility repairs, environmental remediation and property damage claims.

 

During the weekend of June 30, 2007, torrential rains in southeast Kansas caused the Verdigris River to overflow its banks and flood the town of Coffeyville, Kansas. Our refinery and the nitrogen fertilizer plant, which are located in close proximity to the Verdigris River, were severely flooded, sustained major damage and required extensive repairs. As of December 31, 2007, we had incurred approximately $79.2 million and $3.5 million in third party costs to repair the refinery and fertilizer facilities, respectively. In addition, we currently estimate that approximately $6.0 million in third party costs related to the repair of flood damaged property will be recorded in future periods. In addition to the cost of repairing the facilities, we experienced a significant revenue loss attributable to the property damage during the period when the facilities were not in operation.

 

Despite our efforts to complete a rapid shutdown of the refinery immediately before the flooding, we estimate that 1,919 barrels (80,600 gallons) of crude oil and 226 barrels of crude oil fractions were discharged from our refinery into the Verdigris River flood waters beginning on or about July 1, 2007. We are currently remediating the contamination caused by the crude oil discharge. As of December 31, 2007, we have recorded total gross costs associated with the repair of, and other matters relating to, damage to our facilities and with third party and property damage remediation of approximately $146.8 million. Anticipated insurance recoveries of approximately $105.3 million have been recorded as of December 31, 2007, resulting in a net cost of approximately $41.5 million. The Company has not estimated any potential fines, penalties or claims that may be imposed or brought by regulatory authorities or possible additional damages arising from class action lawsuits related to the flood.

 

The ultimate cost of environmental remediation and third party property damage is difficult to assess and could be higher than our current estimates.

 

It is difficult to estimate the ultimate cost of environmental remediation resulting from the crude oil discharge or the cost of third party property damage that we will ultimately be required to pay. The costs and damages that we ultimately pay may be greater than the estimated amounts currently described in our filings with the SEC. Such excess costs and damages could be material.

We do not know which of our losses our insurers will ultimately cover or when we will receive any insurance recovery.

 

During the time of the 2007 flood and crude oil discharge, Coffeyville Resources, LLC was covered by both property/business interruption and liability insurance policies. We are in the process of submitting claims to, responding to information requests from, and negotiating with various insurers with respect to costs and damages related to these incidents. However, we do not know which of our losses, if any, the insurers will ultimately cover or when we will receive any recovery. We may not be able to recover all of the costs we have incurred and losses we have suffered in connection with the 2007 flood and crude oil discharge. Further, we likely will not be able to recover most of the business interruption losses we incurred since a substantial portion of our facilities were operational within 45 days of the start of the flood.

 

Environmental laws and regulations could require us to make substantial capital expenditures to remain in compliance or to remediate current or future contamination that could give rise to material liabilities.

 

Our operations are subject to a variety of federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment, including those governing the emission or discharge of pollutants into the environment, product specifications and the generation, treatment, storage, transportation, disposal and remediation of solid and hazardous waste and materials. Environmental laws and regulations that affect our operations and processes and the margins for our refined products are extensive and have become progressively more stringent. Violations of these laws and regulations or permit conditions can result in substantial penalties, injunctive orders compelling installation of additional controls, civil and criminal sanctions, permit revocations and/or facility shutdowns.

 

In addition, new environmental laws and regulations, new interpretations of existing laws and regulations, increased governmental enforcement of laws and regulations or other developments could require us to make additional unforeseen expenditures. Many of these laws and regulations are becoming increasingly stringent, and the cost of compliance with these requirements can be expected to increase over time. The requirements to be met, as well as the technology and length of time available to meet those requirements, continue to develop and change. These expenditures or costs for environmental compliance could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and the ability of the nitrogen fertilizer business to make cash distributions.

 

Our business is inherently subject to accidental spills, discharges or other releases of petroleum or hazardous substances into the environment and neighboring areas. Past or future spills related to any of our operations, including our refinery, pipelines, product terminals, fertilizer plant or transportation of products or hazardous substances from those facilities, may give rise to liability (including strict liability, or liability without fault, and potential cleanup responsibility) to governmental entities or private parties under federal, state or local environmental laws, as well as under common law. For example, we could be held strictly liable under CERCLA for past or future spills without regard to fault or whether our actions were in compliance with the law at the time of the spills. Pursuant to CERCLA and similar state statutes, we could be held liable for contamination associated with facilities we currently own or operate, facilities we formerly owned or operated and facilities to which we transported or arranged for the transportation of wastes or by-products containing hazardous substances for treatment, storage, or disposal. In addition, we face liability for alleged personal injury or property damage due to exposure to chemicals or other hazardous substances located at or released from our facilities. We may also face liability for personal injury, property damage, natural resource damage or for cleanup costs for the alleged migration of contamination or other hazardous substances from our facilities to adjacent and other nearby properties.

 

Two of our facilities, including our Coffeyville oil refinery and the Phillipsburg terminal (which operated as a refinery until 1991), have environmental contamination. We have assumed Farmland’s responsibilities under certain RCRA corrective action orders related to contamination at or that originated from the Coffeyville refinery (which includes portions of the nitrogen fertilizer plant) and the Phillipsburg terminal. If significant unforeseen liabilities that have been undetected to date by our extensive soil and groundwater investigation and sampling programs arise in the areas where we have assumed liability for the corrective action, that

liability could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition and may not be covered by insurance.

 

For a discussion of environmental risks and impacts related to the 2007 flood and crude oil discharge, see “— We may not recover all of the costs we have incurred or expect to incur in connection with the flood and crude oil discharge that occurred at our refinery in June/July 2007.”

 

CO₂ and other greenhouse gas emissions may be the subject of federal or state legislation or regulated in the future as an air pollutant.

 

Currently, various legislative and regulatory measures to address greenhouse gas emissions (including carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxides) are in various phases of discussion or implementation. These include proposed federal legislation and state actions to develop statewide or regional programs, each of which have imposed or would impose reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. These actions could result in increased costs to (i) operate and maintain our facilities, (ii) install new emission controls on our facilities and (iii) administer and manage any greenhouse gas emissions program. These actions could also impact the consumption of refined products, thereby affecting our refinery operations. Compliance with any future legislation or regulation of greenhouse gas emissions, if it occurs, may result in increased compliance and operating costs and may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and the ability of the nitrogen fertilizer business to make distributions.

 

We are subject to strict laws and regulations regarding employee and process safety, and failure to comply with these laws and regulations could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and the ability of the nitrogen fertilizer business to make cash distributions.

 

We are subject to the requirements of OSHA and comparable state statutes that regulate the protection of the health and safety of workers. In addition, OSHA requires that we maintain information about hazardous materials used or produced in our operations and that we provide this information to employees, state and local governmental authorities, and local residents. Failure to comply with OSHA requirements, including general industry standards, process safety standards and control of occupational exposure to regulated substances, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and the ability of the nitrogen fertilizer business to make cash distributions if we are subjected to significant fines or compliance costs.

 

We have a limited operating history as a stand-alone company.

 

Our limited historical financial performance as a stand-alone company makes it difficult for you to evaluate our business and results of operations to date and to assess our future prospects and viability. We have been operating during a recent period of significant growth in the profitability of the refined products industry which may not continue or could reverse. As a result, our results of operations may be lower than we currently expect and the price of our common stock may be volatile.

 

Because we have transferred our nitrogen fertilizer business to a newly formed limited partnership, we may be required in the future to share increasing portions of the cash flows of the nitrogen fertilizer business with third parties and we may in the future be required to deconsolidate the nitrogen fertilizer business from our consolidated financial statements. Furthermore, our historical financial statements do not reflect the new limited partnership structure prior to October 24, 2007 and therefore our past financial performance may not be an accurate indicator of future performance.

 

In connection with our initial public offering in October 2007, we transferred our nitrogen fertilizer business to a newly formed limited partnership, whose managing general partner is a new entity owned by our controlling stockholders and senior management. Although we will initially consolidate the Partnership in our financial statements, over time an increasing portion of the cash flow of the nitrogen fertilizer business will be distributed to our managing general partner if the Partnership increases its quarterly distributions above specified target distribution levels. In addition, if the Partnership consummates a public or private offering of

limited partner interests to third parties, the new limited partners will also be entitled to receive cash distributions from the Partnership. This may require us to deconsolidate. On February 28, 2008, the Partnership filed a registration statement with the SEC in order to offer and sell its partnership interests to the public, but there can be no assurance that any offering by the Partnership will be consummated. Our historical financial statements do not reflect the new limited partnership structure prior to October 24, 2007 or any non-controlling interest that may be issued to the public in connection with the Partnership’s proposed initial public offering and therefore our past financial performance may not be an accurate indicator of future performance.

 

Our commodity derivative activities could result in losses and may result in period-to-period earnings volatility.

 

The nature of our operations results in exposure to fluctuations in commodity prices. If we do not effectively manage our derivative activities, we could incur significant losses. We monitor our exposure and, when appropriate, utilize derivative financial instruments and physical delivery contracts to mitigate the potential impact from changes in commodity prices. If commodity prices change from levels specified in our various derivative agreements, a fixed price contract or an option price structure could limit us from receiving the full benefit of commodity price changes. In addition, by entering into these derivative activities, we may suffer financial loss if we do not produce oil to fulfill our obligations. In the event we are required to pay a margin call on a derivative contract, we may be unable to benefit fully from an increase in the value of the commodities we sell. In addition, we may be required to make a margin payment before we are able to realize a gain on a sale resulting in a reduction in cash flow, particularly if prices decline by the time we are able to sell.

 

In June 2005, Coffeyville Acquisition LLC entered into the Cash Flow Swap, which is not subject to margin calls, in the form of three swap agreements with J. Aron for the period from July 1, 2005 to June 30, 2010. These agreements were subsequently assigned from Coffeyville Acquisition LLC to Coffeyville Resources, LLC on June 24, 2005. The Cash Flow Swap represents approximately 58% and 14% of crude oil capacity for the periods January 1, 2008 through June 30, 2009 and July 1, 2009 through June 30, 2010, respectively. Under the terms of our credit facility and upon meeting specific requirements related to our leverage ratio and our credit ratings, we may reduce the Cash Flow Swap to 35,000 bpd, or approximately 30% of expected crude oil capacity, for the period from April 1, 2008 through December 31, 2008 and terminate the Cash Flow Swap in 2009 and 2010. Otherwise, under the terms of our credit facility, management has limited discretion to change the amount of hedged volumes under the Cash Flow Swap therefore affecting our exposure to market volatility. Because this derivative is based on NYMEX prices while our revenue is based on prices in the Coffeyville supply area, the contracts cannot completely eliminate all risk of price volatility. If the price of products on NYMEX is different from the value contracted in the swap, then we will receive from or owe to the counterparty the difference on each unit of product that is contracted in the swap.

 

In addition, as a result of the accounting treatment of these contracts, unrealized gains and losses are charged to our earnings based on the increase or decrease in the market value of the unsettled position and the inclusion of such derivative gains or losses in earnings may produce significant period-to-period earnings volatility that is not necessarily reflective of our underlying operating performance. The positions under the Cash Flow Swap resulted in unrealized gains (losses) of $126.8 million and $(103.2) million for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively. As of December 31, 2007, a $1.00 change in quoted prices for the crack spreads utilized in the Cash Flow Swap would result in a $42.3 million change to the fair value of derivative commodity position and the same change to net income. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Critical Accounting Policies — Derivative Instruments and Fair Value of Financial Instruments.”

Both the petroleum and nitrogen fertilizer businesses depend on significant customers, and the loss of one or several significant customers may have a material adverse impact on our results of operations and financial condition.

 

The petroleum and nitrogen fertilizer businesses both have a high concentration of customers. Our four largest customers in the petroleum business represented 44.4% and 36.8% of our petroleum sales for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively. Further, in the aggregate the top five ammonia customers of the nitrogen fertilizer business represented 51.9% and 62.1% of its ammonia sales for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively, and the top five UAN customers of the nitrogen fertilizer business represented 30.0% and 38.7% of its UAN sales, respectively, for the same periods. Several significant petroleum, ammonia and UAN customers each account for more than 10% of sales of petroleum, ammonia and UAN, respectively. Given the nature of our business, and consistent with industry practice, we do not have long-term minimum purchase contracts with any of our customers. The loss of one or several of these significant customers, or a significant reduction in purchase volume by any of them, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and the ability of the nitrogen fertilizer business to make case distributions.

 

The petroleum and nitrogen fertilizer businesses may not be able to successfully implement their business strategies, which include completion of significant capital programs.

 

One of the business strategies of the petroleum and nitrogen fertilizer businesses is to implement a number of capital expenditure projects designed to increase productivity, efficiency and profitability. Many factors may prevent or hinder implementation of some or all of these projects, including compliance with or liability under environmental regulations, a downturn in refining margins, technical or mechanical problems, lack of availability of capital and other factors. Costs and delays have increased significantly during the past few years and the large number of capital projects underway in the industry has led to shortages in skilled craftsmen, engineering services and equipment manufacturing. Failure to successfully implement these profit-enhancing strategies may materially adversely affect our business prospects and competitive position. In addition, we expect to execute turnarounds at our refinery every three to four years, which involve numerous risks and uncertainties. These risks include delays and incurrence of additional and unforeseen costs. The next scheduled refinery turnaround will be in 2010. In addition, development and implementation of business strategies for the Partnership will be primarily the responsibility of the managing general partner of the Partnership. The next scheduled turnaround of the nitrogen fertilizer facility is currently expected to occur in the third quarter of 2008.

 

The acquisition strategy of our petroleum business and the nitrogen fertilizer business involves significant risks.

 

Both our petroleum business and the nitrogen fertilizer business will consider pursuing acquisitions and expansion projects in order to continue to grow and increase profitability. However, acquisitions and expansions involve numerous risks and uncertainties, including intense competition for suitable acquisition targets; the potential unavailability of financial resources necessary to consummate acquisitions and expansions; difficulties in identifying suitable acquisition targets and expansion projects or in completing any transactions identified on sufficiently favorable terms; and the need to obtain regulatory or other governmental approvals that may be necessary to complete acquisitions and expansions. In addition, any future acquisitions may entail significant transaction costs and risks associated with entry into new markets and lines of business. In addition, even when acquisitions are completed, integration of acquired entities can involve significant difficulties, such as:

 

 

 

In addition, in connection with any potential acquisition or expansion project involving the nitrogen fertilizer business, the nitrogen fertilizer business will need to consider whether the business it intends to acquire or expansion project it intends to pursue (including the CO₂ sequestration or sale project the nitrogen fertilizer business is considering) could affect the nitrogen fertilizer business’ tax treatment as a partnership for federal income tax purposes. If the nitrogen fertilizer business is otherwise unable to conclude that the activities of the business being acquired or the expansion project would not affect our treatment as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, the nitrogen fertilizer business may elect to seek a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”). Seeking such a ruling could be costly or, in the case of competitive acquisitions, place the nitrogen fertilizer business in a competitive disadvantage compared to other potential acquirers who do not seek such a ruling. If the nitrogen fertilizer business is unable to conclude that an activity would not affect its treatment as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, the nitrogen fertilizer business may choose to acquire such business or develop such expansion project in a corporate subsidiary, which would subject the income related to such activity to entity-level taxation.

 

Failure to manage these acquisition and expansion growth risks could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and the ability of the nitrogen fertilizer business to make cash distributions. There can be no assurance that we will be able to consummate any acquisitions or expansions, successfully integrate acquired entities, or generate positive cash flow at any acquired company or expansion project.

 

We have agreed with the Partnership that we will not own or operate any fertilizer business in the United States or abroad (with limited exceptions).

 

We have entered into an omnibus agreement with the Partnership in order to clarify and structure the division of corporate opportunities between the Partnership and us. Under this agreement, we have agreed not to engage in the production, transportation or distribution, on a wholesale basis, of fertilizers in the contiguous United States, subject to limited exceptions (fertilizer restricted business). The Partnership has agreed not to engage in the ownership or operation within the United States of any refinery with processing capacity greater than 20,000 bpd whose primary business is producing transportation fuels or the ownership or operation outside the United States of any refinery, regardless of its processing capacity or primary business (refinery restricted business).

 

With respect to any business opportunity other than those covered by a fertilizer restricted business or a refinery restricted business, we and the Partnership have agreed that the Partnership will have a preferential right to pursue such opportunities before we may pursue them. If the Partnership’s managing general partner elects not to cause the Partnership to pursue the business opportunity, then we will be free to pursue such opportunity. This provision and the non competition provisions described in the previous paragraph will continue so long as we and certain of our affiliates continue to own 50% or more of the outstanding units of the Partnership.

 

We are a holding company and depend upon our subsidiaries for our cash flow.

 

We are a holding company. Our subsidiaries conduct all of our operations and own substantially all of our assets. Consequently, our cash flow and our ability to meet our obligations or to pay dividends or make other distributions in the future will depend upon the cash flow of our subsidiaries and the payment of funds by our subsidiaries to us in the form of dividends, tax sharing payments or otherwise. In addition, Coffeyville

Resources, LLC, our indirect subsidiary, which is the primary obligor under our existing credit facility, is a holding company and its ability to meet its debt service obligations depends on the cash flow of its subsidiaries. The ability of our subsidiaries to make any payments to us will depend on their earnings, the terms of their indebtedness, including the terms of our credit facility, tax considerations and legal restrictions. In particular, our credit facility currently imposes significant limitations on the ability of our subsidiaries to make distributions to us and consequently our ability to pay dividends to our stockholders. Distributions that we receive from the Partnership will be primarily reinvested in our business rather than distributed to our stockholders. See also “— Risks Related to the Nitrogen Fertilizer Business — The nitrogen fertilizer business may not have sufficient available cash to enable it to make quarterly distributions to us following the payment of expenses and fees and the establishment of cash reserves” and “— Risks Related to the Limited Partnership Structure Through Which We Hold Our Interest in the Nitrogen Fertilizer Business — Our rights to receive distributions from the Partnership may be limited over time.”

 

Our significant indebtedness may affect our ability to operate our business, and may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

 

As of December 31, 2007, we had total debt outstanding of $500.8 million, $39.4 million in funded letters of credit outstanding and borrowing availability of $110.6 million under our credit facility. We and our subsidiaries may be able to incur significant additional indebtedness in the future. If new indebtedness is added to our current indebtedness, the risks described below could increase. Our high level of indebtedness could have important consequences, such as:

 

 

In addition, borrowings under our credit facility bear interest at variable rates. If market interest rates increase, such variable-rate debt will create higher debt service requirements, which could adversely affect our cash flow. Our interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2007 was $61.1 million. A 1% increase or decrease in the applicable interest rates under our credit facility, using average debt outstanding at December 31, 2007, would correspondingly change our interest expense by approximately $5.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2007.

 

In addition to our debt service obligations, our operations require substantial investments on a continuing basis. Our ability to make scheduled debt payments, to refinance our obligations with respect to our indebtedness and to fund capital and non-capital expenditures necessary to maintain the condition of our operating assets, properties and systems software, as well as to provide capacity for the growth of our business, depends on our financial and operating performance, which, in turn, is subject to prevailing economic conditions and financial, business, competitive, legal and other factors. In addition, we are and will be subject

to covenants contained in agreements governing our present and future indebtedness. These covenants include and will likely include restrictions on certain payments, the granting of liens, the incurrence of additional indebtedness, dividend restrictions affecting subsidiaries, asset sales, transactions with affiliates and mergers and consolidations. Any failure to comply with these covenants could result in a default under our credit facility. Upon a default, unless waived, the lenders under our credit facility would have all remedies available to a secured lender, and could elect to terminate their commitments, cease making further loans, institute foreclosure proceedings against our or our subsidiaries’ assets, and force us and our subsidiaries into bankruptcy or liquidation. In addition, any defaults under the credit facility or any other debt could trigger cross defaults under other or future credit agreements. Our operating results may not be sufficient to service our indebtedness or to fund our other expenditures and we may not be able to obtain financing to meet these requirements.

 

In connection with the Partnership’s initial public offering, we will be required to use our commercially reasonable efforts to amend our credit facility to remove the Partnership as a guarantor. Any such amendment could result in increased fees to us or other onerous terms in our credit facility. In addition, we may not be able to obtain such an amendment on terms acceptable to us or at all.

 

In connection with the Partnership’s initial public offering (or if the initial public offering is not consummated but subsequently the managing general partner elects to pursue a public or private offering), we will be required to obtain amendments to our credit facility, as well as the Cash Flow Swap, in order to remove the Partnership and its subsidiaries as obligors under such instruments. Any such amendments could result in significant changes to our credit facility’s pricing, mandatory repayment provisions, covenants and other terms and could result in increased interest costs and require payment by us of additional fees. However, we may not be able to obtain any such amendment on terms acceptable to us or at all. If we are not able to amend our credit facility on terms satisfactory to us, we may need to refinance it with other facilities. We will not be considered to have used our “commercially reasonable efforts” to obtain such amendments if we do not effect the requested modifications due to (i) payment of fees to the lenders or the swap counterparty, (ii) the costs of this type of amendment, (iii) an increase in applicable margins or spreads or (iv) changes to the terms required by the lenders including covenants, events of default and repayment and prepayment provisions; provided that (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) in the aggregate are not likely to have a material adverse effect on us.

 

If we lose any of our key personnel, we may be unable to effectively manage our business or continue our growth.

 

Our future performance depends to a significant degree upon the continued contributions of our senior management team and key technical personnel. The loss or unavailability to us of any member of our senior management team or a key technical employee could negatively affect our ability to operate our business and pursue our strategy. We face competition for these professionals from our competitors, our customers and other companies operating in our industry. To the extent that the services of members of our senior management team and key technical personnel would be unavailable to us for any reason, we would be required to hire other personnel to manage and operate our company and to develop our products and strategy. We may not be able to locate or employ such qualified personnel on acceptable terms or at all.

 

A substantial portion of our workforce is unionized and we are subject to the risk of labor disputes and adverse employee relations, which may disrupt our business and increase our costs.

 

As of December 31, 2007, approximately 41% of our employees, all of whom work in our petroleum business, were represented by labor unions under collective bargaining agreements expiring in 2009. We may not be able to renegotiate our collective bargaining agreements when they expire on satisfactory terms or at all. A failure to do so may increase our costs. In addition, our existing labor agreements may not prevent a strike or work stoppage at any of our facilities in the future, and any work stoppage could negatively affect our results of operations and financial condition.

The requirements of being a public company, including compliance with the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act and the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, may strain our resources, increase our costs and distract management, and we may be unable to comply with these requirements in a timely or cost-effective manner.

 

As a public company, we are subject to the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) and the corporate governance standards of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”). These requirements may place a strain on our management, systems and resources. The Exchange Act requires that we file annual, quarterly and current reports with respect to our business and financial condition. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires that we maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting. In order to maintain and improve the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting, significant resources and management oversight will be required. This may divert management’s attention from other business concerns, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and the price of our common stock.

 

We will be exposed to risks relating to evaluations of controls required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.

 

We are in the process of evaluating our internal controls systems to allow management to report on, and our independent auditors to audit, our internal controls over financial reporting. We will be performing the system and process evaluation and testing (and any necessary remediation) required to comply with the management certification and auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and will be required to comply with Section 404 in our annual report for the year ended December 31, 2008 (subject to any change in applicable SEC rules). Furthermore, upon completion of this process, we may identify control deficiencies of varying degrees of severity under applicable SEC and Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”) rules and regulations that remain unremediated. Although we produce our financial statements in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) our internal accounting controls may not currently meet all standards applicable to companies with publicly traded securities. As a public company, we will be required to report, among other things, control deficiencies that constitute a “material weakness” or changes in internal controls that, or that are reasonably likely to, materially affect internal controls over financial reporting. A “material weakness” is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

 

If we fail to implement the requirements of Section 404 in a timely manner, we might be subject to sanctions or investigation by regulatory authorities such as the SEC or the PCAOB. If we do not implement improvements to our disclosure controls and procedures or to our internal controls in a timely manner, our independent registered public accounting firm may not be able to certify as to the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting pursuant to an audit of our internal controls over financial reporting. This may subject us to adverse regulatory consequences or a loss of confidence in the reliability of our financial statements. We could also suffer a loss of confidence in the reliability of our financial statements if our independent registered public accounting firm reports a material weakness in our internal controls, if we do not develop and maintain effective controls and procedures or if we are otherwise unable to deliver timely and reliable financial information. Any loss of confidence in the reliability of our financial statements or other negative reaction to our failure to develop timely or adequate disclosure controls and procedures or internal controls could result in a decline in the price of our common stock. In addition, if we fail to remedy any material weakness, our financial statements may be inaccurate, we may face restricted access to the capital markets and the price of our common stock may be adversely affected.

We are a “controlled company” within the meaning of the New York Stock Exchange rules and, as a result, qualify for, and are relying on, exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements.

 

A company of which more than 50% of the voting power is held by an individual, a group or another company is a “controlled company” within the meaning of the New York Stock Exchange rules and may elect not to comply with certain corporate governance requirements of the New York Stock Exchange, including:

 

 

We are relying on all of these exemptions as a controlled company. Accordingly, you may not have the same protections afforded to stockholders of companies that are subject to all of the corporate governance requirements of the New York Stock Exchange.

 

New regulations concerning the transportation of hazardous chemicals, risks of terrorism and the security of chemical manufacturing facilities could result in higher operating costs.

 

The costs of complying with regulations relating to the transportation of hazardous chemicals and security associated with the refining and nitrogen fertilizer facilities may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and the ability of the nitrogen fertilizer business to make cash distributions. Targets such as refining and chemical manufacturing facilities may be at greater risk of future terrorist attacks than other targets in the United States. As a result, the petroleum and chemical industries have responded to the issues that arose due to the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001 by starting new initiatives relating to the security of petroleum and chemical industry facilities and the transportation of hazardous chemicals in the United States. Future terrorist attacks could lead to even stronger, more costly initiatives. Simultaneously, local, state and federal governments have begun a regulatory process that could lead to new regulations impacting the security of refinery and chemical plant locations and the transportation of petroleum and hazardous chemicals. Our business or our customers’ businesses could be materially adversely affected by the cost of complying with new regulations.

 

We may face third-party claims of intellectual property infringement, which if successful could result in significant costs for our business.

 

There are currently no claims pending against us relating to the infringement of any third-party intellectual property rights. However, in the future we may face claims of infringement that could interfere with our ability to use technology that is material to our business operations. Any litigation of this type, whether successful or unsuccessful, could result in substantial costs to us and diversions of our resources, either of which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and the ability of the nitrogen fertilizer business to make cash distributions. In the event a claim of infringement against us is successful, we may be required to pay royalties or license fees for past or continued use of the infringing technology, or we may be prohibited from using the infringing technology altogether. If we are prohibited from using any technology as a result of such a claim, we may not be able to obtain licenses to alternative technology adequate to substitute for the technology we can no longer use, or licenses for such alternative technology may only be available on terms that are not commercially reasonable or acceptable to us. In addition, any substitution of new technology for currently licensed technology may require us to make substantial changes to our manufacturing processes or equipment or to our products, and could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and the ability of the nitrogen fertilizer business to make cash distributions.

If licensed technology is no longer available, the refinery and nitrogen fertilizer businesses may be adversely affected.

 

We have licensed, and may in the future license, a combination of patent, trade secret and other intellectual property rights of third parties for use in our business. If any of these license agreements were to be terminated, licenses to alternative technology may not be available, or may only be available on terms that are not commercially reasonable or acceptable. In addition, any substitution of new technology for currently-licensed technology may require substantial changes to manufacturing processes or equipment and may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and the ability of the nitrogen fertilizer business to make cash distributions.

 

Risks Related to Our Common Stock

 

If our stock price fluctuates, investors could lose a significant part of their investment.

 

The market price of our common stock may be influenced by many factors including:

 

 

As a result of these factors, investors in our common stock may not be able to resell their shares at or above the price at which they purchase our common stock. In addition, the stock market in general has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of companies like us. These broad market and industry factors may materially reduce the market price of our common stock, regardless of our operating performance.

 

The Goldman Sachs Funds and the Kelso Funds continue to control us and may have conflicts of interest with other stockholders. Conflicts of interest may arise because our principal stockholders or their affiliates have continuing agreements and business relationships with us.

 

The Goldman Sachs Funds and the Kelso Funds each beneficially own 36.5% of our outstanding common stock. As a result, the Goldman Sachs Funds and the Kelso Funds are able to control the election of our directors, determine our corporate and management policies and determine, without the consent of our other stockholders, the outcome of any corporate transaction or other matter submitted to our stockholders for approval, including potential mergers or acquisitions, asset sales and other significant corporate transactions. The Goldman Sachs Funds and the Kelso Funds also have sufficient voting power to amend our organizational documents.

 

Conflicts of interest may arise between our principal stockholders and us. Affiliates of some of our principal stockholders engage in transactions with our company. We obtain the majority of our crude oil supply through a crude oil credit intermediation agreement with J. Aron, a subsidiary of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. and an affiliate of the Goldman Sachs Funds, and Coffeyville Resources, LLC currently has outstanding commodity derivative contracts (swap agreements) with J. Aron for the period from July 1, 2005 to June 30, 2010. In addition, Goldman Sachs Credit Partners, L.P. is the joint lead arranger for our credit facility. Further, the Goldman Sachs Funds and the Kelso Funds are in the business of making investments in

companies and may, from time to time, acquire and hold interests in businesses that compete directly or indirectly with us and they may either directly, or through affiliates, also maintain business relationships with companies that may directly compete with us. In general, the Goldman Sachs Funds and the Kelso Funds or their affiliates could pursue business interests or exercise their voting power as stockholders in ways that are detrimental to us, but beneficial to themselves or to other companies in which they invest or with whom they have a material relationship. Conflicts of interest could also arise with respect to business opportunities that could be advantageous to the Goldman Sachs Funds and the Kelso Funds and they may pursue acquisition opportunities that may be complementary to our business, and as a result, those acquisition opportunities may not be available to us. Under the terms of our certificate of incorporation, the Goldman Sachs Funds and the Kelso Funds have no obligation to offer us corporate opportunities.

 

Other conflicts of interest may arise between our principal stockholders and us because the Goldman Sachs Funds and the Kelso Funds control the managing general partner of the Partnership which holds the nitrogen fertilizer business. The managing general partner manages the operations of the Partnership (subject to our rights to participate in the appointment, termination and compensation of the chief executive officer and chief financial officer of the managing general partner and our other specified joint management rights) and also holds IDRs which, over time, entitle the managing general partner to receive increasing percentages of the Partnership’s quarterly distributions if the Partnership increases the amount of distributions. Although the managing general partner has a fiduciary duty to manage the Partnership in a manner beneficial to the Partnership and us (as a holder of special units in the Partnership), the fiduciary duty is limited by the terms of the partnership agreement and the directors and officers of the managing general partner also have a fiduciary duty to manage the managing general partner in a manner beneficial to the owners of the managing general partner. The interests of the owners of the managing general partner may differ significantly from, or conflict with, our interests and the interests of our stockholders.

 

Under the terms of the partnership agreement, the Goldman Sachs Funds and the Kelso Funds will have no obligation to offer the Partnership business opportunities. The Goldman Sachs Funds and the Kelso Funds may pursue acquisition opportunities for themselves that would be otherwise beneficial to the nitrogen fertilizer business and, as a result, these acquisition opportunities would not be available to the Partnership. The partnership agreement provides that the owners of its managing general partner, which include the Goldman Sachs Funds and the Kelso Funds, are permitted to engage in separate businesses that directly compete with the nitrogen fertilizer business and are not required to share or communicate or offer any potential business opportunities to the Partnership even if the opportunity is one that the Partnership might reasonably have pursued. The agreement provides that the owners of our managing general partner will not be liable to the Partnership or any unitholder for breach of any fiduciary or other duty by reason of the fact that such person pursued or acquired for itself any business opportunity.

 

As a result of these conflicts, the managing general partner of the Partnership may favor its own interests and/or the interests of its owners over our interests and the interests of our stockholders (and the interests of the Partnership). In particular, because the managing general partner owns the IDRs, it may be incentivized to maximize future cash flows by taking current actions which may be in its best interests over the long term. See “— Risks Related to the Limited Partnership Structure Through Which We Hold Our Interest in the Nitrogen Fertilizer Business — Our rights to receive distributions from the Partnership may be limited over time” and “— Risks Related to the Limited Partnership Structure Through Which We Hold Our Interest in the Nitrogen Fertilizer Business — The managing general partner of the Partnership has a fiduciary duty to favor the interests of its owners, and these interests may differ from, or conflict with, our interests and the interests of our stockholders.” In addition, if the value of the managing general partner interest were to increase over time, this increase in value and any realization of such value upon a sale of the managing general partner interest would benefit the owners of the managing general partner, which are the Goldman Sachs Funds and the Kelso Funds, as well as our senior management, rather than our company and our stockholders. Such increase in value could be significant if the Partnership performs well.

 

Further, decisions made by the Goldman Sachs Funds and the Kelso Funds with respect to their shares of common stock could trigger cash payments to be made by us to certain members of our senior management under our phantom unit appreciation plans. Phantom points granted under the Coffeyville Resources, LLC

Phantom Unit Appreciation Plan (Plan I), or the Phantom Unit Plan I, and phantom points that we grant under the Coffeyville Resources, LLC Phantom Unit Appreciation Plan (Plan II), or the Phantom Unit Plan II, represent a contractual right to receive a cash payment when payment is made in respect of certain profits interests in Coffeyville Acquisition LLC and Coffeyville Acquisition II LLC. If either the Goldman Sachs Funds or the Kelso Funds sell any or all of the shares of common stock of CVR Energy which they beneficially own through Coffeyville Acquisition LLC or Coffeyville Acquisition II LLC, as applicable, they may then cause Coffeyville Acquisition LLC or Coffeyville Acquisition II LLC, as applicable, to make distributions to their members in respect of their profits interests. Because payments under the phantom unit plans are triggered by payments in respect of profit interests under the Coffeyville Acquisition LLC Agreement and Coffeyville Acquisition II LLC Agreement, we would therefore be obligated to make cash payments under the phantom unit appreciation plans. This could negatively affect our cash reserves, which could negatively affect our results of operations and financial condition. We estimate that any such cash payments should not exceed $65 million, assuming all of the shares of our common stock held by Coffeyville Acquisition LLC and Coffeyville Acquisition II LLC were sold at $24.94 per share, which was the closing price of our common stock on December 31, 2007.

 

In addition, one of the Goldman Sachs Funds and one of the Kelso Funds have each guaranteed 50% of our payment obligations under the Cash Flow Swap in the amount of $123.7 million, plus accrued interest. These payments under the Cash Flow Swap are due in August 2008. As a result of these guarantees, the Goldman Sachs Funds and the Kelso Funds may have interests that conflict with those of our other shareholders.

 

Since June 24, 2005, we have made two cash distributions to the Goldman Sachs Funds and the Kelso Funds. One distribution, in the aggregate amount of $244.7 million, was made in December 2006. In addition, in October 2007, we made a special dividend to the Goldman Sachs Funds and the Kelso Funds in an aggregate amount of approximately $10.3 million, which they contributed to Coffeyville Acquisition III LLC in connection with the purchase of the managing general partner of the Partnership from us.

 

As a result of these relationships, including their ownership of the managing general partner of the Partnership, the interests of the Goldman Sachs Funds and the Kelso Funds may not coincide with the interests of our company or other holders of our common stock. So long as the Goldman Sachs Funds and the Kelso Funds continue to control a significant amount of the outstanding shares of our common stock, the Goldman Sachs Funds and the Kelso Funds will continue to be able to strongly influence or effectively control our decisions, including potential mergers or acquisitions, asset sales and other significant corporate transactions. In addition, so long as the Goldman Sachs Funds and the Kelso Funds continue to control the managing general partner of the Partnership, they will be able to effectively control actions taken by the Partnership (subject to our specified joint management rights), which may not be in our interests or the interest of our stockholders.

 

Shares eligible for future sale may cause the price of our common stock to decline.

 

Sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market, or the perception that these sales may occur, could cause the market price of our common stock to decline. This could also impair our ability to raise additional capital through the sale of our equity securities. Under our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, we are authorized to issue up to 350,000,000 shares of common stock, of which 86,141,291 shares of common stock were outstanding as of March 27, 2008. Of these shares, the 23,000,000 shares of common stock sold in the initial public offering are freely transferable without restriction or further registration under the Securities Act by persons other than “affiliates,” as that term is defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act. Our principal stockholders, directors and executive officers have entered into lock-up agreements, pursuant to which they agreed, subject to certain exceptions, not to sell or transfer, directly or indirectly, any shares of our common stock for a period of 180 days until April 19, 2008, subject to extension in certain circumstances.

Risks Related to the Limited Partnership Structure Through Which We Hold Our Interest in the Nitrogen Fertilizer Business

 

Because we neither serve as, nor control, the managing general partner of the Partnership, the managing general partner may operate the Partnership in a manner with which we disagree or which is not in our interest.

 

CVR GP, LLC (“Fertilizer GP”), which is owned by our controlling stockholders and senior management, is the managing general partner of the Partnership which holds the nitrogen fertilizer business. The managing general partner is authorized to manage the operations of the nitrogen fertilizer business (subject to our specified joint management rights), and we do not control the managing general partner. Although our senior management also serves as the senior management of Fertilizer GP, in accordance with a services agreement between us, Fertilizer GP and the Partnership, our senior management operates the Partnership under the direction of the managing general partner’s board of directors and Fertilizer GP has the right to select different management at any time (subject to our joint right in relation to the chief executive officer and chief financial officer of the managing general partner). Accordingly, the managing general partner may operate the Partnership in a manner with which we disagree or which is not in the interests of our company and our stockholders.

 

Our interest in the Partnership currently gives us defined rights to participate in the management and governance of the Partnership. These rights include the right to approve the appointment, termination of employment and compensation of the chief executive officer and chief financial officer of Fertilizer GP, not to be exercised unreasonably, and to approve specified major business transactions such as significant mergers and asset sales. We also have the right to appoint two directors to Fertilizer GP’s board of directors. However, we will lose the rights listed above if we fail to hold at least 15% of the units in the Partnership.

 

Our rights to receive distributions from the Partnership may be limited over time.

 

As a holder of 30,333,333 special units (which may convert into GP and/or subordinated GP units if the Partnership consummates an initial public or private offering, and which we may sell from time to time), we are entitled to receive a quarterly distribution of $0.4313 per unit (or $13.1 million per quarter in the aggregate, assuming we do not sell any of our units) from the Partnership to the extent the Partnership has sufficient available cash after establishment of cash reserves and payment of fees and expenses before any distributions are made in respect of the IDRs. The Partnership is required to distribute all of its cash on hand at the end of each quarter, less reserves established by the managing general partner in its discretion. In addition, the managing general partner, Fertilizer GP, has no right to receive distributions in respect of its IDRs (i) until the Partnership has distributed all aggregate adjusted operating surplus generated by the Partnership during the period from its formation through December 31, 2009 and (ii) for so long as the Partnership or its subsidiaries are guarantors under our credit facility.

 

However, distributions of amounts greater than the aggregate adjusted operating surplus generated through December 31, 2009 will be allocated between us and Fertilizer GP (and the holders of any other interests in the Partnership), and in the future the allocation will grant Fertilizer GP a greater percentage of the Partnership’s cash distributions as more cash becomes available for distribution. After the Partnership has distributed all adjusted operating surplus generated by the Partnership during the period from its formation through December 31, 2009, if quarterly distributions exceed the target of $0.4313 per unit, Fertilizer GP will be entitled to increasing percentages of the distributions, up to 48% of the distributions above the highest target level, in respect of its IDRs. Therefore, we will receive a smaller percentage of quarterly cash distributions from the Partnership if the Partnership increases its quarterly distributions above the target distribution levels. Because Fertilizer GP does not share in adjusted operating surplus generated prior to December 31, 2009, Fertilizer GP could be incentivised to cause the Partnership to make capital expenditures for maintenance prior to such date, which would reduce operating surplus, rather than for expansion, which would not, and accordingly affect the amount of operating surplus generated. Fertilizer GP could also be incentivized to cause the Partnership to make capital expenditures for maintenance prior to December 31, 2009 that it would otherwise make at a later date in order to reduce operating surplus generated prior to such

date. In addition, Fertilizer GP’s discretion in determining the level of cash reserves may materially adversely affect the Partnership’s ability to make cash distributions to us.

 

Moreover, if the Partnership issues common units in a public or private offering, at least 40% (and potentially all) of our special units will become subordinated units. For example, in connection with the Partnership’s proposed initial public offering, our interest would convert into 18,750,000 GP units and 16,000,000 subordinated GP interests. We will not be entitled to any distributions on our subordinated units until the common units issued in the public or private offering and our GP units have received the minimum quarterly distribution (“MQD”) of $0.375 per unit (which may be reduced without our consent in connection with the public or private offering, or could be increased with our consent), plus any accrued and unpaid arrearages in the minimum quarterly distribution from prior quarters. The managing general partner, and not CVR Energy, has authority to decide whether or not to pursue such an offering. As a result, our right to distributions will diminish if the managing general partner decides to pursue such an offering.

 

The managing general partner of the Partnership has a fiduciary duty to favor the interests of its owners, and these interests may differ from, or conflict with, our interests and the interests of our stockholders.

 

The managing general partner of the Partnership, Fertilizer GP, is responsible for the management of the Partnership (subject to our specified management rights). Although Fertilizer GP has a fiduciary duty to manage the Partnership in a manner beneficial to the Partnership and holders of interests in the Partnership (including us, in our capacity as holder of special units), the fiduciary duty is specifically limited by the express terms of the partnership agreement and the directors and officers of Fertilizer GP also have a fiduciary duty to manage Fertilizer GP in a manner beneficial to the owners of Fertilizer GP. The interests of the owners of Fertilizer GP may differ from, or conflict with, our interests and the interests of our stockholders. In resolving these conflicts, Fertilizer GP may favor its own interests and/or the interests of its owners over our interests and the interests of our stockholders (and the interests of the Partnership). In addition, while our directors and officers have a fiduciary duty to make decisions in our interests and the interests of our stockholders, one of our wholly-owned subsidiaries is also a general partner of the Partnership and therefore, in such capacity, has a fiduciary duty to exercise rights as general partner in a manner beneficial to the Partnership and its unitholders, subject to the limitations contained in the partnership agreement. As a result of these conflicts, our directors and officers may feel obligated to take actions that benefit the Partnership as opposed to us and our stockholders.

 

The potential conflicts of interest include, among others, the following:

 

 

 

The partnership agreement limits the fiduciary duties of the managing general partner and restricts the remedies available to us for actions taken by the managing general partner that might otherwise constitute breaches of fiduciary duty.

 

The partnership agreement contains provisions that reduce the standards to which Fertilizer GP, as the managing general partner, would otherwise be held by state fiduciary duty law. For example:

 

 

If the Partnership completes a public offering or private placement of limited partner interests, our voting power in the Partnership would be reduced and our rights to distributions from the Partnership could be materially adversely affected.

 

Fertilizer GP may, in its sole discretion, elect to pursue one or more public or private offerings of limited partner interests in the Partnership. Fertilizer GP will have the sole authority to determine the timing, size (subject to our joint management rights for any initial offering in excess of $200 million, exclusive of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional limited partner interests, if any), and underwriters or initial purchasers, if any, for such offerings, if any. Any public or private offering of limited partner interests could materially adversely affect us in several ways. For example, if such an offering occurs, our percentage interest in the Partnership would be diluted. Some of our voting rights in the Partnership could thus become less valuable, since we would not be able to take specified actions without support of other unitholders. For example, since the vote of 80% of unitholders is required to remove the managing general partner in specified circumstances, if the managing general partner sells more than 20% of the units to a third party we would not have the right, unilaterally, to remove the general partner under the specified circumstances.

 

In addition, if the Partnership completes an offering of limited partner interests, the distributions that we receive from the Partnership would decrease because the Partnership’s distributions will have to be shared with the new limited partners, and the new limited partners’ right to distributions will be superior to ours because at least 40% (and potentially all) of our units will become subordinated units. Pursuant to the terms of the partnership agreement, the new limited partners and Fertilizer GP will have superior priority to distributions in some circumstances. Subordinated units will not be entitled to receive distributions unless and until all

common units and any other units senior to the subordinated units have received the minimum quarterly distribution, plus any accrued and unpaid arrearages in the MQD from prior quarters. In addition, upon a liquidation of the partnership, common unitholders will have a preference over subordinated unitholders in certain circumstances.

 

As discussed elsewhere, the Partnership has filed a registration statement with the SEC in order to offer and sell a portion of its common units to the public. There can be no assurance that any such offering will be consummated. However, if such offering is consummated, the negative consequences described above would apply to our interest in the Partnership.

 

If the Partnership does not consummate an initial offering by October 24, 2009, Fertilizer GP can require us to purchase its managing general partner interest in the Partnership. We may not have requisite funds to do so.

 

If the Partnership does not consummate an initial private or public offering by October 24, 2009, Fertilizer GP can require us to purchase the managing general partner interest. This put right expires on the earlier of (1) October 24, 2012 and (2) the closing of the Partnership’s initial offering. The purchase price will be the fair market value of the managing general partner interest, as determined by an independent investment banking firm selected by us and Fertilizer GP. Fertilizer GP will determine in its discretion whether the Partnership will consummate an initial offering.

 

If Fertilizer GP elects to require us to purchase the managing general partner interest, we may not have available cash resources to pay the purchase price. In addition, any purchase of the managing general partner interest would divert our capital resources from other intended uses, including capital expenditures and growth capital. In addition, the instruments governing our indebtedness may limit our ability to acquire, or prohibit us from acquiring, the managing general partner interest.

 

Fertilizer GP can require us to be a selling unit holder in the Partnership’s initial offering at an undesirable time or price.

 

Under the contribution, conveyance and assumption agreement, if Fertilizer GP elects to cause the Partnership to undertake an initial private or public offering, we have agreed that Fertilizer GP may structure the initial offering to include (1) a secondary offering of interests by us or (2) a primary offering of interests by the Partnership, possibly together with an incurrence of indebtedness by the Partnership, where a use of proceeds is to redeem units from us (with a per-unit redemption price equal to the price at which a unit is purchased from the Partnership, net of sales commissions or underwriting discounts) (a “special GP offering”), provided that in either case the number of units associated with the special GP offering is reasonably expected by Fertilizer GP to generate no more than $100 million in net proceeds to us. If Fertilizer GP elects to cause the Partnership to undertake an initial private or public offering, it may require us to sell (including by redemption) a portion, which could be a substantial portion, of our special units in the Partnership at a time or price we would not otherwise have chosen. A sale of special units would result in our receiving cash proceeds for the value of such units, net of sales commissions and underwriting discounts. Any such sale or redemption would likely result in taxable gain to us. See “— Use of the limited partnership structure involves tax risks. For example, if the Partnership is treated as a corporation for U.S. income tax purposes, this would substantially reduce the cash it has available to make distributions. In return for the receipt of the net cash proceeds, we would no longer receive quarterly distributions on the units that were sold which could negatively impact our financial position. Moreover, because we would own a smaller percentage of the total units of the Partnership after such sale or redemption, the percentage of distributions that we would receive from the Partnership would decrease.” See “— If the Partnership completes a public offering or private placement of limited partner interests, our voting power in the Partnership would be reduced and our rights to distributions from the Partnership could be materially adversely affected.”

Our rights to remove Fertilizer GP as managing general partner of the Partnership are extremely limited.

 

Until October 24, 2012, Fertilizer GP may only be removed as managing general partner if at least 80% of the outstanding units of the Partnership vote for removal and there is a final, non-appealable judicial determination that Fertilizer GP, as an entity, has materially breached a material provision of the partnership agreement or is liable for actual fraud or willful misconduct in its capacity as a general partner of the Partnership. Consequently, we will be unable to remove Fertilizer GP unless a court has made a final, non-appealable judicial determination in those limited circumstances as described above. Additionally, if there are other holders of partnership interests in the Partnership, these holders may have to vote for removal of Fertilizer GP as well if we desire to remove Fertilizer GP but do not hold at least 80% of the outstanding units of the Partnership at that time.

 

After October 24, 2012, Fertilizer GP may be removed with or without cause by a vote of the holders of at least 80% of the outstanding units of the Partnership, including any units owned by Fertilizer GP and its affiliates, voting together as a single class. Therefore, we may need to gain the support of other unitholders in the Partnership if we desire to remove Fertilizer GP as managing general partner, if we do not hold at least 80% of the outstanding units of the Partnership.

 

If the managing general partner is removed without cause, it will have the right to convert its managing general partner interest, including the IDRs, into units or to receive cash based on the fair market value of the interest at the time. If the managing general partner is removed for cause, a successor managing general partner will have the option to purchase the managing general partner interest, including the IDRs, of the departing managing general partner for a cash payment equal to the fair market value of the managing general partner interest. Under all other circumstances, the departing managing general partner will have the option to require the successor managing general partner to purchase the managing general partner interest of the departing managing general partner for its fair market value.

 

In addition to removal, we have a right to purchase Fertilizer GP’s general partner interest in the Partnership, and therefore remove the Fertilizer GP as managing general partner, if the Partnership has not made an initial private offering or an initial public offering of limited partner interests by October 24, 2012.

 

If we were deemed an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, applicable restrictions would make it impractical for us to continue our business as contemplated and could have a material adverse effect on our business. We may in the future be required to sell some or all of our Partnership interests in order to avoid being deemed an investment company, and such sales could result in gains taxable to the company.

 

In order not to be regulated as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), unless we can qualify for an exemption, we must ensure that we are engaged primarily in a business other than investing, reinvesting, owning, holding or trading in securities (as defined in the 1940 Act) and that we do not own or acquire “investment securities” having a value exceeding 40% of the value of our total assets (exclusive of U.S. government securities and cash items) on an unconsolidated basis. We believe that we are not currently an investment company because our general partner interests in the Partnership should not be considered to be securities under the 1940 Act and, in any event, both our refinery business and the nitrogen fertilizer business are operated through majority-owned subsidiaries. In addition, even if our general partner interests in the Partnership were considered securities or investment securities, we believe that they do not currently have a value exceeding 40% of the fair market value of our total assets on an unconsolidated basis.

 

However, there is a risk that we could be deemed an investment company if the SEC or a court determines that our general partner interests in the Partnership are securities or investment securities under the 1940 Act and if our Partnership interests constituted more than 40% of the value of our total assets. Currently, our interests in the Partnership constitute less than 40% of our total assets on an unconsolidated basis, but they could constitute a higher percentage of the fair market value of our total assets in the future if the value of our Partnership interests increases, the value of our other assets decreases, or some combination thereof occurs.

We intend to conduct our operations so that we will not be deemed an investment company. However, if we were deemed an investment company, restrictions imposed by the 1940 Act, including limitations on our capital structure and our ability to transact with affiliates, could make it impractical for us to continue our business as contemplated and could have a material adverse effect on our business and the price of our common stock. In order to avoid registration as an investment company under the 1940 Act, we may have to sell some or all of our interests in the Partnership at a time or price we would not otherwise have chosen. The gain on such sale would be taxable to us. We may also choose to seek to acquire additional assets that may not be deemed investment securities, although such assets may not be available at favorable prices. Under the 1940 Act, we may have only up to one year to take any such actions.

 

Use of the limited partnership structure involves tax risks. The nitrogen fertilizer business’ tax treatment depends on its status as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, as well as it not being subject to a material amount of entity-level taxation by individual states. If the IRS were to treat the Partnership as a corporation for federal income tax purposes or if the nitrogen fertilizer business were to become subject to additional amounts of entity-level taxation for state tax purposes, then its cash available for distribution to us would be substantially reduced.

 

The anticipated after-tax economic benefit of the Partnership’s limited partnership structure depends largely on its being treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes. Despite the fact that the Partnership is a limited partnership under Delaware law, it is possible in certain circumstances for a partnership such as the Partnership to be treated as a corporation for federal income tax purposes. If the Partnership consummates its proposed initial public offering in 2008, current law will require the Partnership to derive at least 90% of its annual gross income for 2008, and in each taxable year thereafter, from specific activities to continue to be treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes. The Partnership may not find it possible to meet this income requirement, or may inadvertently fail to meet this income requirement.

 

Although we do not believe based upon the Partnership’s current operations that it should be so treated, a change in the nitrogen fertilizer business or a change in current law could cause the Partnership to be treated as a corporation for federal income tax purposes or otherwise subject it to taxation as an entity. The nitrogen fertilizer business is considering, and may consider in the future, expanding or entering into new activities or businesses. If legal counsel is unable to opine that gross income from any of these activities or businesses will count toward satisfaction of the 90% income, or qualifying income, requirement to be treated as a partnership, the Partnership may seek a ruling from the IRS that gross income it earns from those activities will be qualifying income. There can be no assurance that the IRS would issue a favorable ruling. If the Partnership does not receive a favorable ruling it may choose to engage in the activity through a corporate subsidiary, which would subject the income related to such activity to entity-level taxation. The Partnership has not requested, and does not plan to request, a ruling from the IRS on any other matter affecting the nitrogen fertilizer business.

 

In order for the Partnership to consummate an initial public offering, the Partnership will be required to obtain an opinion of legal counsel that, based upon, among other things, customary representations by the Partnership, the Partnership will continue to be treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes following such initial public offering. The ability of the Partnership to obtain such an opinion will depend upon a number of factors, including the state of the law at the time the Partnership seeks such an opinion and the specific facts and circumstances of the Partnership at such time. If the Partnership is unable to obtain such an opinion, the Partnership will not consummate an initial public offering and will not be able to realize the anticipated benefits of being a master limited partnership.

 

If the Partnership were to be treated as a corporation for federal income tax purposes, it would pay federal income tax on its income at the corporate tax rate, which is currently a maximum of 35%, and would pay state income taxes at varying rates. Because such a tax would be imposed upon the Partnership as a corporation, the cash available for distribution by the Partnership to its partners, including us, would be substantially reduced. In addition, distributions by the Partnership to us would also be taxable to us (subject to the 70% or 80% dividends received deduction, as applicable, depending on the degree of ownership we have in the Partnership) and we would not be able to use our share of any tax losses of the Partnership to reduce

taxes otherwise payable by us. Thus, treatment of the Partnership as a corporation could result in a material reduction in our anticipated cash flow and after-tax return to us.

 

In addition, current law could change so as to cause the Partnership to be treated as a corporation for federal income tax purposes or otherwise subject it to entity-level taxation. For example, at the federal level, legislation has been proposed that would eliminate partnership tax treatment for certain publicly traded partnerships. Although such legislation would not apply to the Partnership as currently proposed, it could be amended prior to enactment in a manner that does apply to the Partnership. At the state level, several states are evaluating ways to subject partnerships to entity-level taxation through the imposition of state income, franchise or other forms of taxation. Specifically, beginning in 2008, the Partnership is required to pay Texas franchise tax at a maximum effective rate of 0.7% of its gross income apportioned to Texas in the prior year. Imposition of this tax by Texas and, if applicable, by any other state will reduce the Partnership’s cash available for distribution by the Partnership.

 

In addition, the sale of the managing general partner interest of the Partnership in a newly formed entity controlled by the Goldman Sachs Funds and the Kelso Funds was made at the fair market value of the general partner interest as of the date of transfer, as determined by our board of directors after consultation with management. Any gain on this sale by us will be subject to tax. If the Internal Revenue Service or another taxing authority successfully asserted that the fair market value at the time of sale of the managing general partner interest exceeded the sale price, we would have additional deemed taxable income which could reduce our cash flow and adversely affect our financial results. For example, if the value of the managing general partner interest increases over time, possibly significantly because the Partnership performs well, then in hindsight the sale price might be challenged or viewed as insufficient by the Internal Revenue Service or another taxing authority. We are unable to predict whether any of these changes or other proposals will ultimately be enacted. Any such changes could negatively impact the value of an investment in the Partnership’s common units. The partnership agreement provides that if a law is enacted or existing law is modified or interpreted in a manner that subjects the Partnership to taxation as a corporation or otherwise subjects it to entity-level taxation for federal, state or local income tax purposes, then Fertilizer GP may, in its sole discretion, cause the minimum quarterly distribution amount and the target distribution amounts to be adjusted to reflect the impact of that law on the Partnership.

 

If the Partnership consummates an initial public offering or private offering and we sell units, or our units are redeemed, in a special GP offering, or the Partnership makes a distribution to us of proceeds of the offering or debt financing, such sale, redemption or distribution would likely result in taxable gain to us. We will also recognize taxable gain to the extent that otherwise nontaxable distributions exceed our tax basis in the Partnership. The tax associated with any such taxable gain could be significant.

 

Additionally, when the Partnership issues units or engages in certain other transactions, the Partnership will determine the fair market value of its assets and allocate any unrealized gain or loss attributable to those assets to the capital accounts of the existing partners. As a result of this revaluation and the Partnership’s adoption of the remedial allocation method under Section 704(c) of the Internal Revenue Code (i) new unitholders will be allocated deductions as if the tax basis of the Partnership’s property were equal to the fair market value thereof at the time of the offering, and (ii) we will be allocated “reverse Section 704(c) allocations” of income or loss over time consistent with our allocation of unrealized gain or loss.

 

The tax treatment of publicly traded partnerships could be subject to potential legislative, judicial or administrative changes and differing interpretations, possibly on a retroactive basis.

 

The present federal income tax treatment of publicly traded partnerships may be modified by administrative, legislative or judicial interpretation at any time. For example, members of Congress are considering substantive changes to the existing federal income tax laws that affect certain publicly traded partnerships. Any modification to the federal income tax laws and interpretations thereof may or may not be applied retroactively. Any such changes could negatively impact the value of our investment in the Partnership.

If the IRS contests the federal income tax positions the Partnership takes, the cost of any IRS contest will reduce the Partnership’s cash available for distribution to unitholders.

 

Except as described above we have not and do not intend to request a ruling from the IRS with respect to the treatment of the Partnership as a partnership for federal income tax purposes. The IRS may adopt positions that differ from the Partnership’s counsel’s conclusions or from the positions the Partnership takes. It may be necessary to resort to administrative or court proceedings to sustain some or all of the Partnership’s counsel’s conclusions or the positions the Partnership takes. A court may not agree with some or all of the Partnership’s counsel’s conclusions or the positions the Partnership takes. Any such contest will result in a reduction in cash available for distribution.

 

The sale or exchange of 50% or more of the Partnership’s capital and profits interests during any twelve-month period will result in the termination of the Partnership’s partnership for federal income tax purposes.

 

The Partnership will be considered to have terminated for federal income tax purposes if there is a sale or exchange of 50% or more of the total interests in its capital and profits within a twelve-month period. The Partnership’s termination would, among other things, result in the closing of its taxable year for all unitholders, which would result in the Partnership filing two tax returns (and its unitholders could receive two Schedules K-1) for one fiscal year and could result in a deferral of depreciation deductions allowable in computing the Partnership’s taxable income. In the case of a unitholder reporting on a taxable year other than a fiscal year ending December 31, the closing of our taxable year may also result in more than twelve months of the Partnership’s taxable income or loss being includable in his taxable income for the year of termination. The Partnership’s termination currently would not affect its classification as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, but instead, the Partnership would be treated as a new partnership for tax purposes. If treated as a new partnership, the Partnership must make new tax elections and could be subject to penalties if it is unable to determine that a termination occurred.

 

Fertilizer GP’s interest in the Partnership and the control of Fertilizer GP may be transferred to a third party without our consent. The new owners of Fertilizer GP may have no interest in CVR Energy and may take actions that are not in our interest.

 

Fertilizer GP is currently controlled by the Goldman Sachs Funds and the Kelso Funds. The Goldman Sachs Funds and the Kelso Funds also collectively beneficially own approximately 73% of our common stock as of December 31, 2007. Fertilizer GP may transfer its managing general partner interest in the Partnership to a third party in a merger or in a sale of all or substantially all of its assets without our consent. Furthermore, there is no restriction in the partnership agreement on the ability of the current owners of Fertilizer GP to transfer their equity interest in Fertilizer GP to a third party. The new equity owner of Fertilizer GP would then be in a position to replace the board of directors (other than the two directors appointed by us) and the officers of Fertilizer GP (subject to our joint rights in relation to the chief executive officer and chief financial officer) with its own choices and to influence the decisions taken by the board of directors and officers of Fertilizer GP. These new equity owners, directors and executive officers may take actions, subject to the specified joint management rights we have as a holder of special GP rights, which are not in our interests or the interests of our stockholders. In particular, the new owners may have no economic interest in us (unlike the current owners of Fertilizer GP), which may make it more likely that they would take actions to benefit Fertilizer GP and its managing general partner interest over us and our interests in the Partnership.

 

The Partnership may elect not to or may be unable to consummate an initial public offering or one or more private placements. This could negatively impact the value and liquidity of our investment in the Partnership, which could impact the value of our common stock.

 

The Partnership may elect not to or may be unable to consummate an initial public offering or an initial private offering. Any public or private offering of interests by the Partnership will be made at the discretion of the managing general partner of the Partnership and will be subject to market conditions and to achievement of a valuation which the Partnership found acceptable. An initial public offering is subject to SEC review of a

registration statement, compliance with applicable securities laws and the Partnership’s ability to list Partnership units on a national securities exchange. Similarly, any private placement to a third party would depend on the Partnership’s ability to reach agreement on price and enter into satisfactory documentation with a third party. Any such transaction would also require third party approvals, including consent of our lenders under our credit facility and the swap counterparty under our Cash Flow Swap. The Partnership may never consummate any of such transactions on terms favorable to us, or at all. If no offering by the Partnership is ever made, it could impact the value, and certainly the liquidity, of our investment in the Partnership.

 

If the Partnership does not consummate an initial public offering, the value of our investment in the Partnership could be negatively impacted because the Partnership would not be able to access public equity markets to fund capital projects and would not have a liquid currency with which to make acquisitions or consummate other potentially beneficial transactions. In addition, we would not have a liquid market in which to sell portions of our interest in the Partnership but rather would need to monetize our interest in a privately negotiated sale if we ever wished to create liquidity through a divestiture of our nitrogen fertilizer business.

 

In addition, if the Partnership does not consummate an initial public offering, we believe that the value of CVR Energy’s common stock could also be affected. Because we have observed that entities structured as master limited partnerships have over recent history demonstrated significantly greater relative market valuation levels compared to corporations in the refining and marketing sector when measured as a ratio of enterprise value to EBITDA, we believe that the value of CVR Energy’s common stock may be enhanced to the extent that the Partnership consummates an initial public offering, because then the public market valuation of CVR Energy’s common stock would reflect the higher potential valuation of the Partnership realized in its offering. If the Partnership does not consummate an initial public offering, we believe CVR Energy’s common stock may not reflect the higher potential valuation of a master limited partnership.

 

None.

 

 

The following table contains certain information regarding our principal properties:

 

 

Our executive offices are located at 2277 Plaza Drive in Sugar Land, Texas. We lease approximately 22,000 square feet at that location. Rent under the lease is currently approximately $515,000 annually, plus operating expenses, increasing to approximately $550,000 in 2009. The lease expires in 2011.

 

Rent under our lease for the Kansas City office space is approximately $268,000 annually, plus a portion of operating expenses and taxes. The lease expires in 2009. We expect that our current owned and leased facilities will be sufficient for our needs over the next twelve months.

In October 2007, we transferred ownership of certain parcels of land, including land that the nitrogen fertilizer plant is situated on, to the Partnership so that the Partnership would be able to operate the nitrogen fertilizer plant on its own land. Additionally, in October 2007, we entered into a cross easement agreement with the Partnership so that both we and the Partnership would be able to access and utilize each other’s land in certain circumstances in order to operate our respective businesses in a manner to provide flexibility for both parties to develop their respective properties, without depriving either party of the benefits associated with the continuous reasonable use of the other parties’ property.

 

As of December 31, 2007, we had storage capacity for 767,000 barrels of gasoline, 1,068,000 barrels of distillates, 1,004,000 barrels of intermediates and 3,194,000 barrels of crude oil. The crude oil storage consisted of 674,000 barrels of refinery storage capacity, 520,000 barrels of field storage capacity and 2,000,000 barrels of storage at Cushing, Oklahoma.

 

 

We are, and will continue to be, subject to litigation from time to time in the ordinary course of our business, including matters such as those described under “Business — Environmental Matters.” We are not party to any pending legal proceedings that we believe will have a material impact on our business, and there are no existing legal proceedings where we believe that the reasonably possible loss or range of loss is material.

 

 

As a result of the crude oil discharge on or about July 1, 2007, two putative class action lawsuits (one federal and one state) were filed against us and/or our subsidiaries in July 2007.

 

 

The federal suit, Danny Dunham vs. Coffeyville Resources, LLC, et al., was filed in the United States District Court for the District of Kansas at Wichita (Case No. 07-CV-01186-JTM-DWB). Plaintiff’s complaint alleged that the crude oil discharge resulted from our negligent operation of the refinery and that class members suffered unspecified damages, including damages to their personal and real property, diminished property value, lost full use and enjoyment of their property, lost or diminished business income and comprehensive remediation costs. The federal suit sought recovery under the federal Oil Pollution Act, Kansas statutory law imposing a duty of compensation on a party that releases any material detrimental to the soil or waters of Kansas, and the Kansas common law of negligence, trespass and nuisance. This suit was dismissed on November 6, 2007 for lack of subject matter jurisdiction, and no appeal was taken.

 

 

The state suit, Western Plains Alliance, LLC and Western Plains Operations, LLC v. Coffeyville Resources Refining & Marketing, LLC, was filed in the District Court of Montgomery County, Kansas (Case No. 07CV99I). This suit sought class certification under applicable law. The proposed class would have consisted of all persons and entities who own or have owned real property within the “contaminated area,” and all businesses and/or other entities located within the “contaminated area.” The Court conducted an evidentiary hearing on the issue of class certification on October 24 and 25, 2007 and ruled against class certification, leaving only the original two plaintiffs. To date no other lawsuits have been filed as a result of flood related damages.

 

 

On July 10, 2007, we entered into an administrative order on consent with the EPA. As set forth in the Consent Order, the EPA concluded that the discharge of oil from our refinery caused and may continue to cause an imminent and substantial threat to the public health and welfare. Pursuant to the Consent Order, we agreed to perform specified remedial actions to respond to the discharge of crude oil from our refinery. The

Consent Order is described in further detail in “Business — Flood and Crude Oil Discharge — EPA Administrative Order and Consent.”

 

 

On October 16, 2007, our stockholders, consisting of Coffeyville Acquisition LLC and Coffeyville Acquisition II LLC, consented to the following actions by written consent:

 

 

 

Use of Proceeds

 

On October 22, 2007 the SEC declared effective our registration statements on Form S-1 (Registration Nos. 333-137588) related to our sale of 23,000,000 shares of our common stock. On October 26, 2007, we completed an initial public offering of 23,000,000 shares at a price of $19.00 per share for an aggregate offering price of approximately $437.0 million. Of the aggregate gross proceeds, approximately $11.4 million was used to pay offering expenses related to the initial public offering, and $28.5 million was used to pay underwriting discounts and commissions. None of the expenses incurred and paid by us in the initial public offering were direct or indirect payments (i) to our directors, officers, general partners or their associates, (ii) to persons owning 10% or more of any class of our equity securities, or (iii) to our affiliates (except that a portion of the underwriters’ commission was paid to Goldman, Sachs & Co., a joint bookrunning manager of the offering and an affiliate of the Goldman Sachs Funds which own 36.5% of our common stock). Net proceeds of the offering after payment of expenses and underwriting discounts and commission were approximately $397.1 million.

 

The offering was made through an underwriting syndicate led by Goldman, Sachs & Co., Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and Simmons & Company International as joint book-running managers.

 

We used the net proceeds from the offering as follows:

 

 

 

Market Information

 

Our common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “CVI” and commenced trading on October 23, 2007. The table below sets forth, for the quarter indicated, the high and low sales prices per share of our common stock:

 

 

Holders of Record

 

As of March 5, 2008, there were 476 stockholders of record of our common stock. Because many of our shares of common stock are held by brokers and other institutions on behalf of stockholders, we are unable to estimate the total number of stockholders represented by these record holders.

 

Dividend Policy

 

We do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. We currently intend to retain future earnings from our refinery business, if any, together with any cash distributions we receive from the Partnership, to finance operations and the expansion of our business. Any future determination to pay cash dividends will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will be dependent upon our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements and other factors that the board deems relevant. In addition, the covenants contained in our credit facility limit the ability of our subsidiaries to pay dividends to us, which limits our ability to pay dividends to our stockholders, including any amounts received from the Partnership in the form of quarterly distributions. Our ability to pay dividends also may be limited by covenants contained in the instruments governing future indebtedness that we or our subsidiaries may incur in the future.

 

In addition, the partnership agreement which governs the Partnership includes restrictions on the Partnership’s ability to make distributions to us. If the Partnership issues limited partner interests to third party investors, these investors will have rights to receive distributions which, in some cases, will be senior to our rights to receive distributions. In addition, the managing general partner of the Partnership has IDRs which, over time, will give it rights to receive distributions. These provisions limit the amount of distributions which the Partnership can make to us which, in turn, limit our ability to make distributions to our stockholders. In addition, since the Partnership makes its distributions to CVR Special GP, LLC, which is controlled by Coffeyville Resources, LLC, a subsidiary of ours, our credit facility limits the ability of Coffeyville Resources to distribute these distributions to us. In addition, the Partnership may also enter into its own credit facility or other contracts that limit its ability to make distributions to us.

 

On December 28, 2006, the directors of Coffeyville Acquisition LLC, which at that time operated our business, approved a special dividend of $250 million to its members, including $244.7 million to companies related to the Goldman Sachs Funds and the Kelso Funds and $3.4 million to certain members of our management and a director who had previously made capital contributions to Coffeyville Acquisition LLC.

 

In connection with our initial public offering, the directors of Coffeyville Acquisition LLC and Coffeyville Acquisition II LLC, respectively, which at that time were our only stockholders, approved a special dividend of $10.6 million to their members, including approximately $5.2 million to the Goldman Sachs Funds, approximately $5.1 million to the Kelso Funds and approximately $0.3 million to certain members of our management, a director and an unrelated member. The common unitholders receiving this special dividend contributed $10.6 million collectively to Coffeyville Acquisition III LLC, which used such amount to purchase the Partnership’s managing general partner.

Stock Performance Graph

 

The following graph sets forth the cumulative return on our common stock between October 23, 2007, the date on which our stock commenced trading on the NYSE, and December 31, 2007, as compared to the cumulative return of the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index and an industry peer group consisting of Holly Corporation, Frontier Oil Corporation and Western Refining, Inc. The graph assumes an investment of $100 on October 23, 2007 in our common stock, the S&P 500 and the industry peer group, and assumes the reinvestment of dividends where applicable. The closing market price for our common stock on December 31, 2007 was $24.94. The stock price performance shown on the graph is not intended to forecast and does not necessarily indicate future price performance.

 

COMPARISON OF CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN
BETWEEN OCTOBER 23, 2007 AND DECEMBER 31, 2007
among CVR Energy, Inc., S&P 500 and a peer group

 

 

This performance graph shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or otherwise subject to the liabilities under that Section, and shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing of the Company under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act.

 

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities

 

Prior to our initial public offering, we issued 247,471 shares of our common stock to our chief executive officer. The issuance of these shares of common stock was made pursuant to an exemption from registration provided by Rule 701 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

 

Equity Compensation Plans

 

The table below contains information about securities authorized for issuance under our long term incentive plan as of December 31, 2007. This plan was approved by our stockholders in October 2007.

 

 

You should read the selected historical consolidated financial data presented below in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Report.

 

The selected consolidated financial information presented below under the caption Statement of Operations Data for the 174-day period ended June 23, 2005, the 233-day period ended December 31, 2005 and the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007 and the selected consolidated financial information presented below under the caption Balance Sheet Data as of December 31, 2006 and 2007 has been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Report, which financial statements have been audited by KPMG LLP, independent registered public accounting firm. The consolidated financial information presented below under the caption Statement of Operations Data for the year ended December 31, 2003, the 62-day period ended March 2, 2004 and the 304 days ended December 31, 2004, and the consolidated financial information presented below under the caption Balance Sheet Data at December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005, are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements that are not included in this Report.

 

Prior to March 3, 2004, our assets consisted of one facility within the eight-plant Nitrogen Fertilizer Manufacturing and Marketing Division of Farmland Industries, Inc. We refer to our operations as part of Farmland during this period as “Original Predecessor.” Farmland filed for bankruptcy protection under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code on May 31, 2002. During periods when we were operated as part of Farmland, which include the fiscal year ended December 31, 2003 and the 62 days ended March 2, 2004, Farmland allocated certain general corporate expenses and interest expense to Original Predecessor. The allocation of these costs is not necessarily indicative of the costs that would have been incurred if Original Predecessor had operated as a stand-alone entity. Further, the historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected in future periods.

 

Original Predecessor was not a separate legal entity, and its operating results were included with the operating results of Farmland and its subsidiaries in filing consolidated federal and state income tax returns. As a cooperative, Farmland was subject to income taxes on all income not distributed to patrons as qualifying patronage refunds and Farmland did not allocate income taxes to its divisions. As a result, Original Predecessor periods do not reflect any provision for income taxes.

 

On March 3, 2004, Coffeyville Resources, LLC completed the purchase of Original Predecessor from Farmland in a sales process under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. See note 1 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Report. We refer to this acquisition as the Initial Acquisition, and we refer to our post-Farmland operations run by Coffeyville Group Holdings, LLC as Immediate Predecessor. Our business was operated by the Immediate Predecessor for the 304 days ended December 31, 2004 and the 174 days ended June 23, 2005. As a result of certain adjustments made in connection with the Initial Acquisition, a new basis of accounting was established on the date of the Initial Acquisition and the results of operations for the 304 days ended December 31, 2004 are not comparable to prior periods.

 

On June 24, 2005, pursuant to a stock purchase agreement dated May 15, 2005, Coffeyville Acquisition LLC acquired all of the subsidiaries of Coffeyville Group Holdings, LLC. See note 1 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Report. We refer to this acquisition as the Subsequent Acquisition, and we refer to our post-June 24, 2005 operations as Successor. As a result of certain adjustments made in connection with this Subsequent Acquisition, a new basis of accounting was established on the date of the acquisition. Since the assets and liabilities of Successor and Immediate Predecessor were each presented on a new basis of accounting, the financial information for Successor, Immediate Predecessor and Original Predecessor is not comparable.

 

We calculate earnings per share in 2006 and 2007 on a pro forma basis. This calculation gives effect to the issuance of 23,000,000 shares in our initial public offering, the merger of two subsidiaries of Coffeyville Acquisition, LLC with two of our direct wholly owned subsidiaries, the 628,667.20 for 1 stock split, the issuance of 247,471 shares of our common stock to our chief executive officer in exchange for his shares in

two of our subsidiaries, the issuance of 27,100 shares of our common stock to our employees and the issuance of 17,500 non-vested restricted shares of our common stock to two of our directors. The weighted average shares outstanding for 2006 also gives effect to an increase in the number of shares which, when multiplied by the initial public offering price, would be sufficient to replace the capital in excess of earnings withdrawn, as a result of our paying dividends in the year ended December 31, 2006 in excess of earnings for such period, or 3,075,194 shares.

 

We have omitted earnings per share data for Immediate Predecessor because we operated under a different capital structure than what we currently operate under and, therefore, the information is not meaningful.

 

We have omitted per share data for Original Predecessor because, under Farmland’s cooperative structure, earnings of Original Predecessor were distributed as patronage dividends to members and associate members based on the level of business conducted with Original Predecessor as opposed to a common stockholder’s proportionate share of underlying equity in Original Predecessor.

 

Financial data for the 2005 fiscal year is presented as the 174 days ended June 23, 2005 and the 233 days ended December 31, 2005. Successor had no financial statement activity during the period from May 13, 2005 to June 24, 2005, with the exception of certain crude oil, heating oil, and gasoline option agreements entered into with a related party as of May 16, 2005.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Report.

 

Forward-Looking Statements

 

This Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007 (the “Report”), including without limitation the sections captioned “Business” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” contains “forward-looking statements” as defined by the Securities & Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Such statements are those concerning contemplated transactions and strategic plans, expectations and objectives for future operations. These include, without limitation:

 

 

Although we believe that our plans, intentions and expectations reflected in or suggested by the forward-looking statements we make in this Report are reasonable, we can give no assurance that such plans, intentions or expectations will be achieved. These statements are based on assumptions made by us based on our experience and perception of historical trends, current conditions, expected future developments and other factors that we believe are appropriate in the circumstances. Such statements are subject to a number of risks

and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control. You are cautioned that any such statements are not guarantees of future performance and that actual results or developments may differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including but not limited to those set forth under “Risk Factors” and contained elsewhere in this Report.

 

All forward-looking statements contained in this Report only speak as of the date of this document. We undertake no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that occur after the date of this Report, or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.

 

Overview and Executive Summary

 

We are an independent refiner and marketer of high value transportation fuels. In addition, we currently own all of the interests (other than the managing general partner interest and associated IDRs) in a limited partnership which produces the nitrogen fertilizers ammonia and UAN. At current natural gas and pet coke prices, the nitrogen fertilizer business is the lowest cost producer and marketer of ammonia and UAN in North America.

 

We operate under two business segments: petroleum and nitrogen fertilizer. For the fiscal years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, we generated combined net sales of $2.4 billion, $3.0 billion and $3.0 billion, respectively. Our petroleum business generated $2.3 billion, $2.9 billion and $2.8 billion of our combined net sales, respectively, over these periods, with the nitrogen fertilizer business generating substantially all of the remainder. In addition, during these periods, our petroleum business contributed 74%, 87% and 80% of our combined operating income, respectively, with the nitrogen fertilizer business contributing substantially all of the remainder.

 

Petroleum business.  Our petroleum business includes a 113,500 bpd complex full coking medium-sour crude refinery in Coffeyville, Kansas. In addition, supporting businesses include (1) a crude oil gathering system serving central Kansas, northern Oklahoma and southwest Nebraska, (2) storage and terminal facilities for asphalt and refined fuels in Phillipsburg, Kansas, and (3) a rack marketing division supplying product through tanker trucks directly to customers located in close geographic proximity to Coffeyville and Phillipsburg and at throughput terminals on Magellan’s refined products distribution systems. In addition to rack sales (sales which are made at terminals into third party tanker trucks), we make bulk sales (sales through third party pipelines) into the mid-continent markets via Magellan and into Colorado and other destinations utilizing the product pipeline networks owned by Magellan, Enterprise and NuStar. Our refinery is situated approximately 100 miles from Cushing, Oklahoma, one of the largest crude oil trading and storage hubs in the United States. Cushing is supplied by numerous pipelines from locations including the U.S. Gulf Coast and Canada, providing us with access to virtually any crude variety in the world capable of being transported by pipeline.

 

Throughput (the volume processed at a facility) at the refinery has markedly increased since July 2005. Management’s focus on crude slate optimization (the process of determining the most economic crude oils to be refined), reliability, technical support and operational excellence coupled with prudent expenditures on equipment has significantly improved the operating metrics of the refinery. Historically, the Coffeyville refinery operated at an average crude throughput rate of less than 90,000 bpd. The plant averaged over 102,000 bpd of crude throughput in the second quarter of 2006, over 94,500 bpd for all 2006 and over 110,000 in the fourth quarter of 2007 with peak daily rates in excess of 120,000 bpd in the fourth quarter of 2007. Not only were rates increased but yields were simultaneously improved. Since June 2005 the refinery has eclipsed monthly record (30 day) processing rates on approximately 70% of the individual units on site.

 

Crude is supplied to our refinery through our owned and leased gathering system and by a Plains pipeline from Cushing, Oklahoma. We maintain capacity on the Spearhead Pipeline from Canada and receive foreign and deepwater domestic crudes via the Seaway Pipeline system. We have also committed to additional pipeline capacity on the proposed Keystone pipeline project currently under development. We also maintain leased storage in Cushing to facilitate optimal crude purchasing and blending. We have significantly expanded the variety of crude grades processed in any given month from a limited few to over a dozen, including onshore

and offshore domestic grades, various Canadian sours, heavy sours and sweet synthetics, and a variety of South American and West African imported grades. As a result of the crude slate optimization, we have improved the crude purchase cost discount to WTI from $3.33 per barrel in 2005 to $4.75 per barrel in 2006 and $4.82 per barrel in 2007.

 

Prior to July 2005, we did not maintain shipper status on the Magellan pipeline system. Instead, rack marketing was limited to our owned terminals. While we still rack market at our own terminals, our growing rack marketing network sells approximately 23% of produced transportation fuels at enhanced margins.

 

Nitrogen fertilizer business.  The nitrogen fertilizer segment consists of our interest in CVR Partners, LP, a limited partnership controlled by our affiliates. The nitrogen fertilizer business consists of a nitrogen fertilizer manufacturing facility, including (1) a 1,225 ton-per-day ammonia unit, (2) a 2,025 ton-per-day UAN unit and (3) an 84 million standard cubic foot per day gasifier complex, which consumes approximately 1,500 tons per day of pet coke to produce hydrogen. In 2007, the nitrogen fertilizer business produced approximately 326,662 tons of ammonia, of which approximately 72% was upgraded into approximately 576,888 tons of UAN. At current natural gas and pet coke prices, the nitrogen fertilizer business is the lowest cost producer and marketer of ammonia and UAN fertilizers in North America. The nitrogen fertilizer business generated net sales of $173.0 million, $162.5 million and $165.9 million, and operating income of $71.0 million, $36.8 million and $46.6 million, for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively.

 

The nitrogen fertilizer plant in Coffeyville, Kansas includes a pet coke gasifier that produces high purity hydrogen which in turn is converted to ammonia at a related ammonia synthesis plant. Ammonia is further upgraded into UAN solution in a related UAN unit. Pet coke is a low value by-product of the refinery coking process. On average during the last four years, more than 75% of the pet coke consumed by the nitrogen fertilizer plant was produced by our refinery. The nitrogen fertilizer business obtains most of its pet coke via a long-term coke supply agreement with us. As such, the nitrogen fertilizer business benefits from high natural gas prices, as fertilizer prices generally increase with natural gas prices, without a directly related change in cost (because pet coke is used as a primary raw material rather than natural gas).

 

The nitrogen fertilizer plant is the only commercial facility in North America utilizing a pet coke gasification process to produce nitrogen fertilizers. Its redundant train gasifier provides good on-stream reliability and the use of low cost by-product pet coke feed (rather than natural gas) to produce hydrogen provides the facility with a significant competitive advantage due to currently high and volatile natural gas prices. The nitrogen fertilizer business’ competition utilizes natural gas to produce ammonia. Historically, pet coke has been a less expensive feedstock than natural gas on a per-ton of fertilizer produced basis.

 

Capital projects.  Management has identified and developed several significant capital projects since June 2005 with a total cost of approximately $522 million (including $170 million in expenditures for our refinery expansion project, excluding $3.7 million in related capitalized interest), the majority of which has already been spent. Major projects include construction of a new diesel hydrotreater, a new continuous catalytic reformer, a new sulfur recovery unit, a new plant-wide flare system, a technology upgrade to the fluid catalytic cracking unit and a refinery-wide capacity expansion. Once completed, these projects are intended to significantly enhance the profitability of the refinery in environments of high crack spreads and allow the refinery to operate more profitably at lower crack spreads than is currently possible.

 

The spare gasifier at the nitrogen fertilizer plant was expanded in 2006, increasing ammonia production by 6,500 tons per year. In addition, the nitrogen fertilizer plant is moving forward with an approximately $85 million fertilizer plant expansion, of which approximately $8 million was incurred as of December 31, 2007. We estimate this expansion will increase the nitrogen fertilizer plant’s capacity to upgrade ammonia into premium-priced UAN by approximately 50%. The nitrogen fertilizer business currently expects to complete this expansion in late 2009 or early 2010. This project is also expected to improve the nitrogen fertilizer business’ cost structure by eliminating the need for rail shipments of ammonia, thereby reducing the risks associated with such rail shipments and avoiding anticipated cost increases in such transport.

CVR Energy’s Initial Public Offering

 

On October 26, 2007 we completed an initial public offering of 23,000,000 shares of our common stock. The initial public offering price was $19.00 per share. The net proceeds to us from the sale of our common stock were approximately $408.5 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions. We also incurred approximately $11.4 million of other costs related to the initial public offering.

 

The net proceeds from the offering were used to repay $280 million of our outstanding term loan debt and to repay in full the $25 million secured credit facility and the $25 million unsecured credit facility. We also repaid $50 million of indebtedness under our revolving credit facility. Associated with the repayment of the $25 million secured facility and the $25 million unsecured facility, we recorded a write-off of unamortized deferred financing fees of approximately $1.3 million in the fourth quarter of 2007.

 

In connection with the initial public offering, we also became the indirect owner of Coffeyville Resources, LLC and all of its refinery assets and its interest in the nitrogen fertilizer business. This was accomplished by the issuance of 62,866,720 shares of our common stock to certain entities controlled by our majority stockholder pursuant to a stock split in exchange for the interests in certain subsidiaries of Coffeyville Acquisition LLC and Coffeyville Acquisition II LLC. Immediately following the completion of the offering, there were 86,141,291 shares of common stock outstanding, excluding any nonvested shares issued.

 

CVR Partners’ Proposed Initial Public Offering

 

On February 28, 2008, the Partnership filed a registration statement with the SEC to effect an initial public offering of 5,250,000 common units representing limited partner interests. The Partnership intends to apply to the NYSE to list its common units. If the Partnership’s initial public offering is consummated on the proposed terms, the 30,303,000 special GP units and 30,333 special LP units which we indirectly own will convert into 18,750,000 GP units and 16,000,000 subordinated GP units of the Partnership, and as a result, we will indirectly own approximately 87% of the outstanding units of the Partnership. The registration statement also provides that the net proceeds from the Partnership’s initial public offering will be used to reimburse Coffeyville Resources for certain capital expenditures made on the Partnership’s behalf prior to October 24, 2007 (approximately $18.4 million) and to pay financing fees in connection with entering into a new revolving credit facility (approximately $2.5 million) with the remainder to be retained by the Partnership to fund working capital and future capital expenditures of its business, including the ongoing expansion of the nitrogen fertilizer plant (approximately $85 million). There can be no assurance that any such offering will be consummated on the terms described in the registration statement or at all.

 

Major Influences on Results of Operations

 

Petroleum Business

 

Our earnings and cash flows from our petroleum operations are primarily affected by the relationship between refined product prices and the prices for crude oil and other feedstocks. Feedstocks are petroleum products, such as crude oil and natural gas liquids, that are processed and blended into refined products. The cost to acquire feedstocks and the price for which refined products are ultimately sold depend on factors beyond our control, including the supply of, and demand for, crude oil, as well as gasoline and other refined products which, in turn, depend on, among other factors, changes in domestic and foreign economies, weather conditions, domestic and foreign political affairs, production levels, the availability of imports, the marketing of competitive fuels and the extent of government regulation. Because we apply first-in, first-out, or FIFO, accounting to value our inventory, crude oil price movements may impact net income in the short term because of instantaneous changes in the value of the minimally required, unhedged on hand inventory. The effect of changes in crude oil prices on our results of operations is influenced by the rate at which the prices of refined products adjust to reflect these changes.

 

Feedstock and refined product prices are also affected by other factors, such as product pipeline capacity, local market conditions and the operating levels of competing refineries. Crude oil costs and the prices of refined products have historically been subject to wide fluctuations. An expansion or upgrade of our competitors’ facilities, price volatility, international political and economic developments and other factors

beyond our control are likely to continue to play an important role in refining industry economics. These factors can impact, among other things, the level of inventories in the market, resulting in price volatility and a reduction in product margins. Moreover, the refining industry typically experiences seasonal fluctuations in demand for refined products, such as increases in the demand for gasoline during the summer driving season and for home heating oil during the winter, primarily in the Northeast.

 

In order to assess our operating performance, we compare our net sales, less cost of product sold (refining margin), against an industry refining margin benchmark. The industry refining margin is calculated by assuming that two barrels of benchmark light sweet crude oil is converted into one barrel of conventional gasoline and one barrel of distillate. This benchmark is referred to as the 2-1-1 crack spread. Because we calculate the benchmark margin using the market value of NYMEX gasoline and heating oil against the market value of NYMEX WTI (WTI) crude oil (West Texas Intermediate crude oil, which is used as a benchmark for other crude oils), we refer to the benchmark as the NYMEX 2-1-1 crack spread, or simply, the 2-1-1 crack spread. The 2-1-1 crack spread is expressed in dollars per barrel and is a proxy for the per barrel margin that a sweet crude refinery would earn assuming it produced and sold the benchmark production of gasoline and distillate.

 

Although the 2-1-1 crack spread is a benchmark for our refinery margin, because our refinery has certain feedstock costs and/or logistical advantages as compared to a benchmark refinery and our product yield is less than total refinery throughput, the crack spread does not account for all the factors that affect refinery margin. Our refinery is able to process a blend of crude oil that includes quantities of heavy and medium sour crude oil that has historically cost less than WTI crude oil. We measure the cost advantage of our crude oil slate by calculating the spread between the price of our delivered crude oil to the price of WTI crude oil, a light sweet crude oil. The spread is referred to as our consumed crude differential. Our refinery margin can be impacted significantly by the consumed crude differential. Our consumed crude differential will move directionally with changes in the WTS differential to WTI and the Maya differential to WTI as both these differentials indicate the relative price of heavier, more sour, slate to WTI. The correlation between our consumed crude differential and published differentials will vary depending on the volume of light medium sour crude and heavy sour crude we purchase as a percent of our total crude volume and will correlate more closely with such published differentials the heavier and more sour the crude oil slate. The WTI less Maya crude oil differential was $15.67, $14.99 and $12.54 per barrel, for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively. The WTI less WTS crude oil differential was $4.73, $5.36 and $5.16 per barrel for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively. The Company’s consumed crude differential increased to $4.54 per barrel for the year ended December 31, 2006 from $3.28 per barrel for the comparable period in 2005 and decreased to $2.82 for the year ended December 31, 2007 from $4.54 for the same period in 2006. The consumed crude differential for 2007 is not comparable to prior periods due to the refinery-wide turnaround we undertook in the first quarter of 2007 and the 2007 flood.

 

We produce a high volume of high value products, such as gasoline and distillates. We benefit from the fact that our marketing region consumes more refined products than it produces so that the market prices of our products have to be high enough to cover the logistics cost for the U.S. Gulf Coast refineries to ship into our region. The result of this logistical advantage and the fact the actual product specification used to determine the NYMEX is different from the actual production in the refinery, is that prices we realize are different than those used in determining the 2-1-1 crack spread. The difference between our price and the price used to calculate the 2-1-1 crack spread is referred to as gasoline PADD II, Group 3 vs. NYMEX basis, or gasoline basis, and heating oil PADD II, Group 3 vs. NYMEX basis, or heating oil basis. Both gasoline and heating oil basis are greater than zero, which represents that prices in our marketing area exceeds those used in the 2-1-1 crack spread. Since 2003, the heating oil basis has been positive in all periods presented, including an increase to $7.95 per barrel for 2007 from $7.42 per barrel in 2006 and $3.20 per barrel for 2005. The increase for 2006 was significantly impacted by the introduction of Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel. Gasoline basis for 2007 was $3.56 per barrel, compared to $1.52 per barrel in 2006 and ($0.53) per barrel for 2005. Beginning January 1, 2007, the benchmark used for gasoline was changed from Reformulated Gasoline (RFG) to Reformulated Blend for Oxygenate Blend (RBOB).

Our direct operating expense structure is also important to our profitability. Major direct operating expenses include energy, employee labor, maintenance, contract labor, and environmental compliance. Our predominant variable cost is energy which is comprised primarily of electrical cost and natural gas. We are therefore sensitive to the movements of natural gas prices.

 

Consistent, safe, and reliable operations at our refinery are key to our financial performance and results of operations. Unplanned downtime at our refinery may result in lost margin opportunity, increased maintenance expense and a temporary increase in working capital investment and related inventory position. We seek to mitigate the financial impact of planned downtime, such as major turnaround maintenance, through a diligent planning process that takes into account the margin environment, the availability of resources to perform the needed maintenance, feedstock logistics and other factors.

 

Because petroleum feedstocks and products are essentially commodities, we have no control over the changing market. Therefore, the lower target inventory we are able to maintain significantly reduces the impact of commodity price volatility on our petroleum product inventory position relative to other refiners. This target inventory position is generally not hedged. To the extent our inventory position deviates from the target level, we consider risk mitigation activities usually through the purchase or sale of futures contracts on the New York Mercantile Exchange (“NYMEX”). Our hedging activities carry customary time, location and product grade basis risks generally associated with hedging activities. Because most of our titled inventory is valued under the FIFO costing method, price fluctuations on our target level of titled inventory have a major effect on our financial results unless the market value of our target inventory is increased above cost.

 

Nitrogen Fertilizer Business

 

In the nitrogen fertilizer business, earnings and cash flow from operations are primarily affected by the relationship between nitrogen fertilizer product prices and direct operating expenses. Unlike its competitors, the nitrogen fertilizer business uses minimal natural gas as feedstock and, as a result, is not directly impacted in terms of cost, by high or volatile swings in natural gas prices. Instead, our adjacent oil refinery supplies most of the pet coke feedstock needed by the nitrogen fertilizer business pursuant to a long-term coke supply agreement we entered into in October 2007. The price at which nitrogen fertilizer products are ultimately sold depends on numerous factors, including the supply of, and the demand for, nitrogen fertilizer products which, in turn, depends on, among other factors, the price of natural gas, the cost and availability of fertilizer transportation infrastructure, changes in the world population, weather conditions, grain production levels, the availability of imports, and the extent of government intervention in agriculture markets. While net sales of the nitrogen fertilizer business could fluctuate significantly with movements in natural gas prices during periods when fertilizer markets are weak and nitrogen fertilizer products sell at low prices, high natural gas prices do not force the nitrogen fertilizer business to shut down its operations because it employs pet coke as a feedstock to produce ammonia and UAN rather than natural gas.

 

Nitrogen fertilizer prices are also affected by other factors, such as local market conditions and the operating levels of competing facilities. Natural gas costs and the price of nitrogen fertilizer products have historically been subject to wide fluctuations. An expansion or upgrade of competitors’ facilities, price volatility, international political and economic developments and other factors are likely to continue to play an important role in nitrogen fertilizer industry economics. These factors can impact, among other things, the level of inventories in the market, resulting in price volatility and a reduction in product margins. Moreover, the industry typically experiences seasonal fluctuations in demand for nitrogen fertilizer products.

 

The demand for fertilizers is affected by the aggregate crop planting decisions and fertilizer application rate decisions of individual farmers. Individual farmers make planting decisions based largely on the prospective profitability of a harvest, while the specific varieties and amounts of fertilizer they apply depend on factors like crop prices, their current liquidity, soil conditions, weather patterns and the types of crops planted.

 

Natural gas is the most significant raw material required in the production of most nitrogen fertilizers. North American natural gas prices have increased substantially and, since 1999, have become significantly more volatile. In 2005, North American natural gas prices reached unprecedented levels due to the impact

hurricanes Katrina and Rita had on an already tight natural gas market. Recently, natural gas prices have moderated, returning to pre-hurricane levels or lower.

 

In order to assess the operating performance of the nitrogen fertilizer business, we calculate plant gate price to determine our operating margin. Plant gate price refers to the unit price of fertilizer, in dollars per ton, offered on a delivered basis, excluding shipment costs. Given the use of low cost pet coke, the nitrogen fertilizer business is not presently subjected to the high raw materials costs of competitors that use natural gas, the cost of which has been high in recent periods. Instead of experiencing high variability in the cost of raw materials, the nitrogen fertilizer business utilizes less than 1% of the natural gas relative to other natural gas-based fertilizer producers and we estimate that the nitrogen fertilizer business would continue to have a production cost advantage in comparison to U.S. Gulf Coast ammonia producers at natural gas prices as low as $2.50 per MMBtu. The spot price for natural gas at Henry Hub on December 31, 2007 was $7.48 per MMBtu.

 

Because the nitrogen fertilizer plant has certain logistical advantages relative to end users of ammonia and UAN and demand relative to production has remained high, the nitrogen fertilizer business primarily targeted end users in the U.S. farm belt where it incurs lower freight costs as compared to competitors. The farm belt refers to the states of Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas and Wisconsin. The nitrogen fertilizer business does not incur any intermediate storage, barge or pipeline freight charges when it sells in these markets, giving us a distribution cost advantage over U.S. Gulf Coast importers, assuming freight rates and pipeline tariffs for U.S. Gulf Coast importers as recently in effect. Selling products to customers within economic rail transportation limits of the nitrogen fertilizer plant and keeping transportation costs low are keys to maintaining profitability.

 

The value of nitrogen fertilizer products is also an important consideration in understanding our results. During 2007, the nitrogen fertilizer business upgraded approximately 72% of its ammonia production into UAN, a product that presently generates a greater value than ammonia. UAN production is a major contributor to our profitability.

 

The direct operating expense structure of the nitrogen fertilizer business is also important to its profitability. Using a pet coke gasification process, the nitrogen fertilizer business has significantly higher fixed costs than natural gas-based fertilizer plants. Major fixed operating expenses include electrical energy, employee labor, maintenance, including contract labor, and outside services. These costs comprise the fixed costs associated with the nitrogen fertilizer plant. Variable costs associated with the nitrogen fertilizer plant have averaged approximately 1.2% of direct operating expenses over the 24 months ended December 31, 2007. The average annual operating costs over the 24 months ended December 31, 2007 have approximated $65 million, of which substantially all are fixed in nature.

 

The nitrogen fertilizer business’ largest raw material expense is pet coke, which it purchases from us and third parties. In 2007, the nitrogen fertilizer business spent $13.6 million for pet coke. If pet coke prices rise substantially in the future, the nitrogen fertilizer business may be unable to increase its prices to recover increased raw material costs, because market prices for nitrogen fertilizer products are generally correlated with natural gas prices, the primary raw material used by its competitors, and not pet coke prices.

 

Consistent, safe, and reliable operations at the nitrogen fertilizer plant are critical to its financial performance and results of operations. Unplanned downtime of the nitrogen fertilizer plant may result in lost margin opportunity, increased maintenance expense and a temporary increase in working capital investment and related inventory position. The financial impact of planned downtime, such as major turnaround maintenance, is mitigated through a diligent planning process that takes into account margin environment, the availability of resources to perform the needed maintenance, feedstock logistics and other factors.

 

The nitrogen fertilizer business generally undergoes a facility turnaround every two years. The turnaround typically lasts 15-20 days each turnaround year and costs approximately $2-3 million per turnaround. The next facility turnaround is currently scheduled for July 2008.

Agreements Between CVR Energy and the Partnership

 

In connection with our initial public offering and the transfer of the nitrogen fertilizer business to the Partnership in October 2007, we entered into a number of agreements with the Partnership that govern the business relations between the parties. These include the coke supply agreement mentioned above, under which we sell pet coke to the nitrogen fertilizer business; a services agreement, in which our management operates the nitrogen fertilizer business; a feedstock and shared services agreement, which governs the provision of feedstocks, including hydrogen, high-pressure steam, nitrogen, instrument air, oxygen and natural gas; a raw water and facilities sharing agreement, which allocates raw water resources between the two businesses; an easement agreement; an environmental agreement; and a lease agreement pursuant to which we lease office space and laboratory space to the Partnership.

 

The price paid by the nitrogen fertilizer business pursuant to the coke supply agreement is based on the lesser of a coke price derived from the price received by the Partnership for UAN (subject to a UAN based price ceiling and floor) and a coke price index for pet coke. Historically, the cost of product sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) in the nitrogen fertilizer business on our financial statements was based on a coke price of $15 per ton beginning in March 2004. This is reflected in the segment data in our historical financial statements as a cost for the nitrogen fertilizer business and as revenue for the petroleum business. If the terms of the coke supply agreement had been in place over the past three years, the new coke supply agreement would have resulted in an increase (or decrease) in cost of product sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) for the nitrogen fertilizer business (and an increase (or decrease) in revenue for the petroleum business) of $(1.6) million, $(0.7) million, $(3.5) million and $2.5 million for the 174 day period ended June 24, 2005, the 233 day period ended December 31, 2005, the year ended December 31, 2006 and the year ended December 31, 2007. There would have been no impact to the consolidated financial statements as intercompany transactions are eliminated upon consolidation.

 

In addition, based on management’s current estimates, the services agreement will result in an annual charge of approximately $11.5 million (excluding share based compensation) to the nitrogen fertilizer business for its portion of expenses which have been historically reflected in selling, general and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) in our consolidated statement of operations. Historical nitrogen fertilizer segment operating income would increase $0.8 million, decrease $0.1 million, increase $7.4 million and increase $8.9 million for the 174-day period ended June 23, 2005, the 233-day period ended December 31, 2005, the year ended December 31, 2006 and the year ended December 31, 2007, respectively, assuming an annualized $11.5 million charge for the management services in lieu of the historical allocations of selling, general and administrative expenses. The petroleum segment’s operating income would have had offsetting increases or decreases, as applicable, for these periods.

 

The total change to operating income for the nitrogen fertilizer segment as a result of both the 20-year coke supply agreement (which affects cost of product sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)) and the services agreement (which affects selling, general and administrative expense (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)), if both agreements had been in effect over the last three years, would be an increase of $2.4 million, an increase of $0.6 million, an increase of $10.9 million and an increase of $6.4 million for the 174-day period ended June 23, 2005, the 233-day period ended December 31, 2005, the year ended December 31, 2006 and the year ended December 31, 2007, respectively.

 

The feedstock and shared services agreement, the raw water and facilities sharing agreement, the cross-easement agreement and the environmental agreement are not expected to have a significant impact on the financial results of the nitrogen fertilizer business. However, the feedstock and shared services agreement includes provisions which require the nitrogen fertilizer business to provide hydrogen to us on a going-forward basis, as the nitrogen fertilizer business has done in recent years. This will have the effect of reducing the nitrogen fertilizer business’ fertilizer production, because the nitrogen fertilizer business will not be able to convert this hydrogen into ammonia. We believe that the addition of our new catalytic reformer will reduce, to some extent, but not eliminate, the amount of hydrogen the nitrogen fertilizer business will need to deliver to us, and we expect the nitrogen fertilizer business to continue to deliver hydrogen to us. The feedstock and

shared services agreement requires us to compensate the nitrogen fertilizer business for the value of production lost due to the hydrogen supply requirement.

 

Factors Affecting Comparability

 

Our historical results of operations for the periods presented may not be comparable with prior periods or to our results of operations in the future for the reasons discussed below.

 

2007 Flood and Crude Oil Discharge

 

During the weekend of June 30, 2007, torrential rains in southeastern Kansas caused the Verdigris River to overflow its banks and flood the city of Coffeyville. Our refinery and the nitrogen fertilizer plant, which are located in close proximity to the Verdigris River, were flooded, sustained major damage and required repairs.

 

Total costs incurred and recorded as of December 31, 2007 related to third party costs to repair the refinery and fertilizer facilities were approximately $79.2 million and $3.5 million, respectively. In addition, we currently estimate that approximately $6.0 million in third party costs related to the repair of flood damaged property will be recorded in future periods.

 

As a result of the flooding, our refinery and nitrogen fertilizer facilities stopped operating on June 30, 2007. The refinery started operating its reformer on August 6, 2007 and began to charge crude oil to the facility on August 9, 2007. Substantially all of the refinery’s units were in operation by August 20, 2007. The nitrogen fertilizer facility, situated on slightly higher ground, sustained less damage than the refinery. Production at the nitrogen fertilizer facility was restarted on July 13, 2007.

 

In addition, despite our efforts to secure the refinery prior to its evacuation as a result of the flood, we estimate that 1,919 barrels (80,600 gallons) of crude oil and 226 barrels of crude oil fractions were discharged from our refinery into the Verdigris River flood waters beginning on or about July 1, 2007. We are currently remediating the contamination caused by the crude oil discharge. Total net costs recorded as of December 31, 2007 associated with remediation efforts and third party property damage incurred by the crude oil discharge are approximately $23.5 million. This amount is net of anticipated insurance recoveries of $21.4 million. As of December 31, 2007, we received $10.0 million of insurance proceeds under our insurance policies. These amounts do not include potential fines or penalties which may be imposed by regulatory authorities or costs arising from potential natural resource damages claims (for which we are unable to estimate a range of possible costs at this time) or possible additional damages arising from class action lawsuits related to the flood.

 

Our results for the year ended December 31, 2007 include pretax costs of $41.5 million associated with the flood and related crude oil discharge. This amount is net of anticipated insurance recoveries of $85.3 million. We anticipate that approximately $6.0 million in third party costs related to the repair of the flood damaged property will be recorded in future periods.

 

The 2007 flood and crude oil discharge had a significant adverse impact on our financial results for the year ended December 31, 2007. We reported reduced revenue due to the closure of our facilities for a portion of the third quarter, as well as significant costs related to the flood as a result of the necessary repairs to our facilities and environmental remediation. See “Business — Flood and Crude Oil Discharge.”

 

Refinancing and Prior Indebtedness

 

Effective May 10, 2004, Immediate Predecessor entered into a term loan of $150 million and a $75 million revolving loan facility with a syndicate of banks, financial institutions, and institutional lenders. Both loans were secured by substantially all of Immediate Predecessor’s real and personal property, including receivables, contract rights, general intangibles, inventories, equipment and financial assets. There were outstanding borrowings of $148.9 million under the term loan and less than $0.1 million under the revolving loan facility at December 31, 2004. Outstanding borrowings on June 23, 2005 were repaid in connection with the Subsequent Acquisition.

Effective June 24, 2005, Coffeyville Resources entered into a first lien credit facility and a second lien credit facility. The first lien credit facility was in an aggregate amount not to exceed $525 million, consisting of $225 million tranche B term loans; $50 million of delayed draw term loans available for the first 18 months of the agreement and subject to accelerated payment terms; a $100 million revolving loan facility; and a funded letter of credit facility (funded facility) of $150 million for the benefit of the Cash Flow Swap provider. The first lien credit facility was secured by substantially all of Coffeyville Resources, LLC’s assets. In June 2006 the first lien credit facility was amended and restated and the $225 million of tranche B term loans were refinanced with $225 million of tranche C term loans. The second lien credit facility was a $275 million term loan facility secured by substantially all of Coffeyville Resources, LLC’s assets on a second priority basis.

 

On December 28, 2006, Coffeyville Resources entered into a new credit facility and used the proceeds thereof to repay its then existing first lien credit facility and second lien credit facility, and to pay a dividend to the members of Coffeyville Acquisition LLC. The credit facility provides financing of up to $1.075 billion, consisting of $775 million of tranche D term loans, a $150 million revolving credit facility, and a funded letter of credit facility of $150 million issued in support of the Cash Flow Swap. The credit facility is secured by substantially all of Coffeyville Resources, LLC’s assets. As a result, interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2007 was significantly higher than interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2006. Consolidated interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2007 was $61.1 million as compared to interest expense of $43.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2006.

 

The 2007 flood and crude oil discharge had a significant negative effect on our liquidity in July/August 2007. As a result, in August 2007, our subsidiaries entered into a $25 million secured facility, a $25 million unsecured facility and a $75 million unsecured facility. No amounts were drawn under the $75 million unsecured facility. Our statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2007 includes $0.9 million in interest expense related to these facilities with no comparable amount for the same period in the prior year.

 

In October 2007, we paid down $280 million of term debt with initial public offering proceeds. Additionally, we repaid the $25 million secured facility and $25 million unsecured facility in their entirety with a portion of the net proceeds from the initial public offering. Also, the $75 million credit facility terminated upon consummation of the initial public offering.

 

J. Aron Deferrals

 

As a result of the flood and the temporary cessation of our operations on June 30, 2007, Coffeyville Resources, LLC entered into several deferral agreements with J. Aron & Company (“J. Aron”) with respect to the Cash Flow Swap, which is a series of commodity derivative arrangements whereby if crack spreads fall below a fixed level, J. Aron agreed to pay the difference to us, and if crack spreads rise above a fixed level, we agreed to pay the difference to J. Aron. These deferral agreements deferred to August 31, 2008 the payment of approximately $123.7 million (plus accrued interest) which we owed to J. Aron. We are required to use 37.5% of our consolidated excess cash flow for any quarter after January 31, 2008 to prepay the deferred amounts.

 

Change in Reporting Entity as a Result of the Initial Public Offering

 

Prior to our initial public offering in October 2007, our operations were conducted by an operating partnership, Coffeyville Resources, LLC. The reporting entity of the organization was also a partnership. Immediately prior to the closing of our initial public offering, Coffeyville Resources, LLC became an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of CVR Energy, Inc. as a result of a series of steps. As a result, for periods ending after October 2007, we report our results of operations and financial condition as a corporation on a consolidated basis rather than as an operating partnership.

 

Public Company Expenses

 

We believe that our general and administrative expenses will increase due to the costs of operating as a public company, such as increases in legal, accounting and compliance, insurance premiums, and investor relations. We estimate that the increase in these costs will total approximately $2.5 million to $3.0 million on

an annual basis, excluding the costs associated with the initial implementation of our Sarbanes-Oxley Section 404 internal controls review and testing. Our financial statements following the initial public offering reflect the impact of these expenses, whereas our financial statements for periods prior to the initial public offering do not reflect these expenses.

 

2007 Turnaround

 

In April 2007, we completed a planned turnaround of our refining plant at a total cost approximating $80.4 million. The majority of these costs were expenses in the first quarter of 2007. The refinery processed crude until February 11, 2007 at which time a staged shutdown of the refinery began. The refinery recommenced operations on March 22, 2007 and continually increased crude oil charge rates until all of the key units were restarted by April 23, 2007. The turnaround significantly impacted our financial results for 2007, but had very little impact on our 2006 results.

 

2005 Acquisition

 

On June 24, 2005, pursuant to a stock purchase agreement dated May 15, 2005, Coffeyville Acquisition LLC acquired all of the subsidiaries of Coffeyville Group Holdings, LLC. See note 1 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Report. We refer to this acquisition as the Subsequent Acquisition, and we refer to our post-June 24, 2005 operations as Successor. As a result of certain adjustments made in connection with this acquisition, a new basis of accounting was established on the date of the acquisition and the results of operations for the 233 days ended December 31, 2005 are not comparable to prior periods.

 

Cash Flow Swap

 

In connection with the Subsequent Acquisition in June 2005, Coffeyville Resources, LLC entered into a series of commodity derivative contracts, the Cash Flow Swap, in the form of three long-term swap agreements. The Cash Flow Swap represents approximately 58% and 14% of crude oil capacity for the periods January 1, 2008 through June 30, 2009 and July 1, 2009 through June 30, 2010, respectively. Under the terms of our credit facility and upon meeting specific requirements related to our leverage ratio and our credit ratings, we may reduce the Cash Flow Swap to 35,000 bpd, or approximately 30% of expected crude oil capacity, for the period from April 1, 2008 through December 31, 2008 and terminate the Cash Flow Swap in 2009 and 2010. We have determined that the Cash Flow Swap does not qualify as a hedge for hedge accounting purposes under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities. Therefore, in the financial statements for all periods after July 1, 2005, the statement of operations reflects all the realized and unrealized gains and losses from this swap. For the 233 day period ending December 31, 2005, we recorded realized and unrealized losses of $59.3 million and $235.9 million, respectively. For the year ending December 31, 2006, we recorded net realized losses of $46.8 million and net unrealized gains of $126.8 million. For the year ended December 31, 2007, we recorded net realized losses of $157.2 million and net unrealized losses of $103.2 million.

 

Consolidation of Nitrogen Fertilizer Limited Partnership

 

Prior to the consummation of our initial public offering, we transferred our nitrogen fertilizer business to the Partnership and sold the managing general partner interest in the Partnership to a new entity owned by our controlling stockholders and senior management. As of December 31, 2007, we own all of the interests in the Partnership (other than the managing general partner interest and associated IDRs) and are entitled to all cash that is distributed by the Partnership. The Partnership is operated by our senior management pursuant to a services agreement among us, the managing general partner and the Partnership. The Partnership is managed by the managing general partner and, to the extent described below, us, as special general partner. As special general partner of the Partnership, we have joint management rights regarding the appointment, termination and compensation of the chief executive officer and chief financial officer of the managing general partner,

have the right to designate two members to the board of directors of the managing general partner and have joint management rights regarding specified major business decisions relating to the Partnership.

 

We consolidate the Partnership for financial reporting purposes. We have determined that following the sale of the managing general partner interest to an entity owned by our controlling stockholders and senior management, the Partnership is a variable interest entity (“VIE”) under the provisions of FASB Interpretation No. 46R — Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities (“FIN No. 46R”).

 

Using criteria in FIN 46R, management has determined that we are the primary beneficiary of the Partnership, although 100% of the managing general partner interest is owned by a new entity owned by our controlling stockholders and senior management outside our reporting structure. Since we are the primary beneficiary, the financial statements of the Partnership remain consolidated in our financial statements. The managing general partner’s interest is reflected as a minority interest on our balance sheet.

 

The conclusion that we are the primary beneficiary of the Partnership and required to consolidate the Partnership as a variable interest entity is based upon the fact that substantially all of the expected losses are absorbed by the special general partner, which we own. Additionally, substantially all of the equity investment at risk was contributed on behalf of the special general partner, with nominal amounts contributed by the managing general partner. The special general partner is also expected to receive the majority, if not substantially all, of the expected returns of the Partnership through the Partnership’s cash distribution provisions.

 

We will need to reassess from time to time whether we remain the primary beneficiary of the Partnership in order to determine if consolidation of the Partnership remains appropriate on a going forward basis. Should we determine that we are no longer the primary beneficiary of the Partnership, we will be required to deconsolidate the Partnership in our financial statements for accounting purposes on a going forward basis. In that event, we would be required to account for our investment in the Partnership under the equity method of accounting, which would affect our reported amounts of consolidated revenues, expenses and other income statement items.

 

The principal events that would require the reassessment of our accounting treatment related to our interest in the Partnership include:

 

 

In addition, we would need to reassess our consolidation of the Partnership if the Partnership’s governing documents or contractual arrangements are changed in a manner that reallocates between us and other unrelated parties either (1) the obligation to absorb the expected losses of the Partnership or (2) the right to receive the expected residual returns of the Partnership.

 

Industry Factors

 

Petroleum Business

 

Earnings for our petroleum business depend largely on our refining margins, which have been and continue to be volatile. Crude oil and refined product prices depend on factors beyond our control. While it is impossible to predict refining margins due to the uncertainties associated with global crude oil supply and global and domestic demand for refined products, we believe that refining margins for U.S. refineries will generally remain above those experienced in the periods prior to 2003. Growth in demand for refined products in the United States, particularly transportation fuels, continues to exceed the ability of domestic refiners to increase capacity. In addition, changes in global supply and demand and other factors have affected the extent

to which product importation to the United States can relieve domestic supply deficits. Our marketing region continues to be undersupplied and is a net importer of transportation fuels.

 

Crude oil discounts also contribute to our petroleum business earnings. Discounts for sour and heavy sour crude oils compared to sweet crudes continue to fluctuate widely. The worldwide production of sour and heavy sour crude oil, continuing demand for light sweet crude oil, and the increasing volumes of Canadian sours to the mid-continent continue to cause wide swings in discounts. As a result of our expansion project, we continue to increase volumes of heavy sour Canadian crudes and reduce our dependence on more expensive light sweet crudes.

 

Nitrogen Fertilizer Business

 

Global demand for fertilizers typically grows at predictable rates and tends to correspond to growth in grain production and pricing. Global fertilizer demand is driven in the long-term primarily by population growth, increases in disposable income and associated improvements in diet. Short-term demand depends on world economic growth rates and factors creating temporary imbalances in supply and demand. We operate in a highly competitive, global industry. Our products are globally-traded commodities and, as a result, we compete principally on the basis of delivered price. We are geographically advantaged to supply nitrogen fertilizer products to the Corn Belt compared to Gulf Coast producers and our gasification process requires less than 1% of the natural gas relative to natural gas-based fertilizer producers.

 

Currently, the nitrogen fertilizer market is driven by an almost unprecedented increase in demand. According to the United States Department of Agriculture (“USDA”), U.S. farmers planted 92.9 million acres of corn in 2007, exceeding the 2006 planted area by 19%. The actual planted acreage is the highest on record since 1944, when farmers planted 95.5 million acres of corn. The USDA is forecasting as of February 2008 that total U.S. planted corn acreage in 2008 will decline to 88 million acres. Despite this decrease, Blue Johnson estimates that nitrogen fertilizer consumption by farm users will increase by one million tons due to the need to correct for under fertilization of corn in 2007, a forecasted increase in total planted wheat acreage and very strong crop prices. This estimated increase in nitrogen usage translates into an annual increase of 3.3 million tons of UAN, or approximately five times our total 2008 estimated UAN production.

 

Total worldwide ammonia capacity has been growing. A large portion of the net growth has been in China and is attributable to China maintaining its self-sufficiency with regards to ammonia. Excluding China and the former Soviet Union, the trend in net ammonia capacity has been essentially flat since the late 1990s, as new plant construction has been offset by plant closures in countries with high-cost feedstocks. The high cost of capital is also limiting capacity increase. Today’s strong market growth appears to be readily absorbing the latest capacity additions.

 

Earnings for the nitrogen fertilizer business depend largely on the prices of nitrogen fertilizer products, the floor price of which is directly influenced by natural gas prices. Natural gas prices have been and continue to be volatile.

 

Results of Operations

 

In this “Results of Operations” section, we first review our business on a consolidated basis, and then separately review the results of operations of each of our petroleum and nitrogen fertilizer businesses on a standalone basis.

 

Consolidated Results of Operations

 

The period to period comparisons of our results of operations have been prepared using the historical periods included in our financial statements. As discussed in Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements, effective June 24, 2005, Successor acquired the net assets of Immediate Predecessor in a business combination accounted for as a purchase. As a result of this acquisition, the consolidated financial statements for the periods after the acquisition are presented on a different cost basis than that for the period before the acquisition and, therefore, are not comparable. Accordingly, in this “Results of Operations” section, after

comparing the year ended December 31, 2007 with the year ended December 31, 2006, we compare the year ended December 31, 2006 with the 174-day period ended June 23, 2005 and the 233-day period ended December 31, 2005.

 

Net sales consist principally of sales of refined fuel and nitrogen fertilizer products. For the petroleum business, net sales are mainly affected by crude oil and refined product prices, changes to the input mix and volume changes caused by operations. Product mix refers to the percentage of production represented by higher value light products, such as gasoline, rather than lower value finished products, such as pet coke. In the nitrogen fertilizer business, net sales are primarily impacted by manufactured tons and nitrogen fertilizer prices.

 

Industry-wide petroleum results are driven and measured by the relationship, or margin, between refined products and the prices for crude oil referred to as crack spreads. See “— Major Influences on Results of Operations.” We discuss our results of petroleum operations in the context of per barrel consumed crack spreads and the relationship between net sales and cost of product sold.

 

Our consolidated results of operations include certain other unallocated corporate activities and the elimination of intercompany transactions and therefore are not a sum of only the operating results of the petroleum and nitrogen fertilizer businesses.

 

In order to effectively review and assess our historical financial information below, we have also included supplemental operating measures and industry measures which we believe are material to understanding our business. For the year ended December 31, 2005 we have provided this supplemental information on a combined basis in order to provide a comparative basis for similar periods of time. As discussed above, due to the acquisition that occurred, there were two financial statement periods in the 2005 calendar year of less than 12 months. We believe that the most meaningful way to present this supplemental data for the 2005 calendar year is to compare the sum of the combined operating results for the year ended December 31, 2005 with the year ended December 31, 2006. Accordingly, for purposes of displaying supplemental operating data for the year ended December 31, 2005, we have combined the 174-day period ended June 23, 2005 and the 233-day period ended December 31, 2005 to provide a comparative year ended December 31, 2005 to the year ended December 31, 2006.

 

We changed our corporate selling, general and administrative allocation method to the operating segments in 2007. The effect of the change on operating income for 174-day period ended June 23, 2005, the 233-day period ended December 31, 2005 and the year ended December 31, 2006 would have been a decrease of $1.0 million, $1.4 million and $6.0 million, respectively, to the petroleum segment, an increase of $1.2 million, $1.4 million and $6.0 million, respectively, to the nitrogen fertilizer segment and a decrease of $0.2 million, $0.0 million and $0.0 million, respectively, to the other segment.

The following table provides an overview of our results of operations during the past three fiscal years: